Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) hold promise in restoring communication for completely locked-in stage (CLIS) patients in late stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite more than two decades of research, however, late-stage ALS patients remain incapable of operating BCIs, arguably because such systems currently rely on brain processes that are impaired as a result of disease progression. To establish communication with CLIS-ALS patients, it is thus crucial to, first, understand how ALS affects neurophysiological as well as cognitive processes and, second, develop BCI systems that target brain processes which remain functional into late stages of the disease.
In a series of studies, we have investigated how ALS affects neural and cognitive processes. In particular, we could show that the neural correlates of self-referential processing are already impaired in the early stages of ALS, i.e., neural deficits emerge before cognitive deficits manifest in overt behavior [ ]. Following up on this work, we recorded electrophysiological signals in two CLIS-ALS patients and demonstrated that the locked-in stage is accompanied by a major slow-down of the brain's dominant rhythm [ ]. The cognitive implications of this slow-down are yet to be understood.
Building upon these novel insights, we have developed and validated a new type of cognitive BCI for late-stage ALS patients. This system takes into account neurophysiological changes and targets brain processes that are likely to remain functional into late disease stages [ ]. We successfully validated this system in a long-term study with two ALS patients, who achieved stable communication for more than one year [ ].
To translate this system from laboratory- into home-use, we have pioneered a transfer learning approach for BCIs that drastically reduces the amount of training data while maintaining decoding accuracy [ ] and developed a novel brain-decoding feature, based on task-induced frequency modulations of canonical brain rhythms, that is particularly useful for low-channel setups [ ]. These advances should enable us to build high-performance cognitive BCIs with off-the-shelf hardware, eventually leading to BCI systems available for large-scale application outside of laboratory environments.
2019
Pfister*, N., Weichwald*, S., Bühlmann, P., Schölkopf, B.
Robustifying Independent Component Analysis by Adjusting for Group-Wise Stationary Noise
Journal of Machine Learning Research, 20(147):1-50, 2019, *equal contribution (article)
2018
Jayaram, V., Fiebig, K., Peters, J., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Transfer Learning for BCIs
In Brain–Computer Interfaces Handbook, pages: 425-442, 22, (Editors: Chang S. Nam, Anton Nijholt and Fabien Lotte), CRC Press, 2018 (incollection)
Hohmann, M. R., Fomina, T., Jayaram, V., Emde, T., Just, J., Synofzik, M., Schölkopf, B., Schöls, L., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Case series: Slowing alpha rhythm in late-stage ALS patients
Clinical Neurophysiology, 129(2):406-408, 2018 (article)
Kapoor, V., Besserve, M., Logothetis, N. K., Panagiotaropoulos, T. I.
Parallel and functionally segregated processing of task phase and conscious content in the prefrontal cortex
Communications Biology, 1(215):1-12, December 2018 (article)
Jayaram, V., Barachant, A.
MOABB: Trustworthy algorithm benchmarking for BCIs
Journal of Neural Engineering, 15(6):article no. 066011, 2018 (article)
Safavi, S., Panagiotaropoulos, T., Kapoor, V., Logothetis, N. K., Besserve, M.
Generalized phase locking analysis of electrophysiology data
7th AREADNE Conference on Research in Encoding and Decoding of Neural Ensembles, 2018 (poster)
Ramirez-Villegas, J. F., Willeke, K. F., Logothetis, N. K., Besserve, M.
Dissecting the synapse- and frequency-dependent network mechanisms of in vivo hippocampal sharp wave-ripples
Neuron, 100(5):1224-1240, 2018 (article)
2017
Fomina, T., Weichwald, S., Synofzik, M., Just, J., Schöls, L., Schölkopf, B., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Absence of EEG correlates of self-referential processing depth in ALS
PLOS ONE, 12(6):article no. e0180136, 2017 (article)
Jayaram, V., Hohmann, M., Just, J., Schölkopf, B., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Task-induced frequency modulation features for brain-computer interfacing
Journal of Neural Engineering, 14(5):article no. 056015, 2017 (article)
Mastakouri, A., Weichwald, S., Ozdenizci, O., Meyer, T., Schölkopf, B., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Personalized Brain-Computer Interface Models for Motor Rehabilitation
Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), pages: 3024-3029, October 2017 (conference)
2016
Hohmann, M., Fomina, T., Jayaram, V., Widmann, N., Förster, C., Just, J., Synofzik, M., Schölkopf, B., Schöls, L., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
A cognitive brain–computer interface for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
In Brain-Computer Interfaces: Lab Experiments to Real-World Applications, 228(Supplement C):221-239, 8, Progress in Brain Research, (Editors: Damien Coyle), Elsevier, 2016 (incollection)
Fomina, T., Lohmann, G., Erb, M., Ethofer, T., Schölkopf, B., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Self-regulation of brain rhythms in the precuneus: a novel BCI paradigm for patients with ALS
Journal of Neural Engineering, 13(6):article no. 066021, 2016 (article)
Weichwald, S., Gretton, A., Schölkopf, B., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Recovery of non-linear cause-effect relationships from linearly mixed neuroimaging data
Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Pattern Recognition in NeuroImaging (PRNI 2016), June 2016 (conference)
Weichwald, S., Grosse-Wentrup, M., Gretton, A.
MERLiN: Mixture Effect Recovery in Linear Networks
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 10(7):1254-1266, 2016 (article)
Jayaram, V., Alamgir, M., Altun, Y., Schölkopf, B., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Transfer Learning in Brain-Computer Interfaces
IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, 11(1):20-31, 2016 (article)
Grosse-Wentrup, M., Janzing, D., Siegel, M., Schölkopf, B.
Identification of causal relations in neuroimaging data with latent confounders: An instrumental variable approach
NeuroImage, 125, pages: 825-833, 2016 (article)
2015
Fomina, T., Schölkopf, B., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Towards Cognitive Brain-Computer Interfaces for Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
In 7th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Conference, pages: 77-80, Curran Associates, Inc., CEEC, 2015 (inproceedings)
Fomina, T., Hohmann, M. R., Schölkopf, B., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Identification of the Default Mode Network with Electroencephalography
In Proceedings of the 37th IEEE Conference for Engineering in Medicine and Biology, pages: 7566-7569, EMBC, 2015 (inproceedings)
Hohmann, M. R., Fomina, T., Jayaram, V., Widmann, N., Förster, C., Müller vom Hagen, J., Synofzik, M., Schölkopf, B., Schöls, L., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
A Cognitive Brain-Computer Interface for Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, pages: 3187-3191, SMC, 2015 (inproceedings)
Jayaram, V., Widmann, N., Förster, C., Fomina, T., Hohmann, M. R., Müller vom Hagen, J., Synofzik, M., Schölkopf, B., Schöls, L., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Brain-Computer Interfacing in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Implications of a Resting-State EEG Analysis
In Proceedings of the 37th IEEE Conference for Engineering in Medicine and Biology, pages: 6979-6982, EMBC, 2015 (inproceedings)
Weichwald, S., Meyer, T., Özdenizci, O., Schölkopf, B., Ball, T., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Causal interpretation rules for encoding and decoding models in neuroimaging
NeuroImage, 110, pages: 48–59, 2015 (article)
Küffner, R., Zach, N., Norel, R., Hawe, J., Schoenfeld, D., Wang, L., Li, G., Fang, L., Mackey, L., Hardiman, O., Cudkowicz, M., Sherman, A., Ertaylan, G., Grosse-Wentrup, M., Hothorn, T., van Ligtenberg, J., Macke, J., Meyer, T., Schölkopf, B., Tran, L., Vaughan, R., Stolovitzky, G., Leitner, M.
Crowdsourced analysis of clinical trial data to predict amyotrophic lateral sclerosis progression
Nature Biotechnology, 33, pages: 51-57, 2015 (article)
2014
Meyer, T., Peters, J., Zander, T., Schölkopf, B., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Predicting Motor Learning Performance from Electroencephalographic Data
Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 11:24, 2014 (article)
Grosse-Wentrup, M., Schölkopf, B.
A Brain-Computer Interface Based on Self-Regulation of Gamma-Oscillations in the Superior Parietal Cortex
Journal of Neural Engineering, 11(5):056015, 2014 (article)
Weichwald, S., Schölkopf, B., Ball, T., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Causal and Anti-Causal Learning in Pattern Recognition for Neuroimaging
In 4th International Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Neuroimaging (PRNI), IEEE , PRNI, 2014 (inproceedings)
Weichwald, S., Meyer, T., Schölkopf, B., Ball, T., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Decoding Index Finger Position from EEG Using Random Forests
In 4th International Workshop on Cognitive Information Processing (CIP), IEEE, CIP, 2014 (inproceedings)
Özdenizci, O., Meyer, T., Cetin, M., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Towards Neurofeedback Training of Associative Brain Areas for Stroke Rehabilitation
In Proceedings of the 6th International Brain-Computer Interface Conference, (Editors: G Müller-Putz and G Bauernfeind and C Brunner and D Steyrl and S Wriessnegger and R Scherer), 2014 (inproceedings)
2013
Grosse-Wentrup, M., Schölkopf, B.
A Review of Performance Variations in SMR-Based Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCIs)
In Brain-Computer Interface Research, pages: 39-51, 4, SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering, (Editors: Guger, C., Allison, B. Z. and Edlinger, G.), Springer, 2013 (inbook)
Grosse-Wentrup, M., Harmeling, S., Zander, T., Hill, J., Schölkopf, B.
How to Test the Quality of Reconstructed Sources in Independent Component Analysis (ICA) of EEG/MEG Data
In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Pattern Recognition in NeuroImaging (PRNI), pages: 102-105, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, PRNI, 2013 (inproceedings)
Janzing, D., Balduzzi, D., Grosse-Wentrup, M., Schölkopf, B.
Quantifying causal influences
Annals of Statistics, 41(5):2324-2358, 2013 (article)
Zander, T., Battes, B., Schölkopf, B., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Towards neurofeedback for improving visual attention
In Proceedings of the Fifth International Brain-Computer Interface Meeting: Defining the Future, pages: Article ID: 086, (Editors: J.d.R. Millán, S. Gao, R. Müller-Putz, J.R. Wolpaw, and J.E. Huggins), Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz, 5th International Brain-Computer Interface Meeting, 2013, Article ID: 086 (inproceedings)
2012
Grosse-Wentrup, M., Schölkopf, B.
High Gamma-Power Predicts Performance in Brain-Computer Interfacing
(3), Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Tübingen, February 2012 (techreport)
Grosse-Wentrup, M., Schölkopf, B.
High gamma-power predicts performance in sensorimotor-rhythm brain-computer interfaces
Journal of Neural Engineering, 9(4):046001, May 2012 (article)
Meyer, T., Peters, J., Brötz, D., Zander, T., Schölkopf, B., Soekadar, S., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
A Brain-Robot Interface for Studying Motor Learning after Stroke
In IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pages: 4078 - 4083 , IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA, IROS, 2012 (inproceedings)
Meyer, T., Peters, J., Zander, T., Brötz, D., Soekadar, S., Schölkopf, B., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Investigating the Neural Basis of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)-based Stroke Rehabilitation
In International Conference on NeuroRehabilitation (ICNR) , pages: 617-621, (Editors: JL Pons, D Torricelli, and M Pajaro), Springer, Berlin, Germany, ICNR, 2012 (inproceedings)
Hill, N., Schölkopf, B.
An online brain–computer interface based on shifting attention to concurrent streams of auditory stimuli
Journal of Neural Engineering, 9(2):026011, February 2012 (article)
Langs, G., Rish, I., Grosse-Wentrup, M., Murphy, B.
Machine Learning and Interpretation in Neuroimaging - Revised Selected and Invited Contributions
pages: 266, Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, International Workshop, MLINI, Held at NIPS, 2012, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 7263 (proceedings)
2011
Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Fronto-Parietal Gamma-Oscillations are a Cause of Performance Variation in Brain-Computer Interfacing
In pages: 384-387, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 5th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER) , May 2011 (inproceedings)
Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Neurofeedback of Fronto-Parietal Gamma-Oscillations
In pages: 172-175, (Editors: Müller-Putz, G.R. , R. Scherer, M. Billinger, A. Kreilinger, V. Kaiser, C. Neuper), Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz, Graz, Austria, 5th International Brain-Computer Interface Conference (BCI), September 2011 (inproceedings)
Gomez Rodriguez, M., Peters, J., Hill, J., Schölkopf, B., Gharabaghi, A., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Closing the sensorimotor loop: haptic feedback facilitates decoding of motor imagery
Journal of Neural Engineering, 8(3):1-12, June 2011 (article)
Gomez Rodriguez, M., Grosse-Wentrup, M., Hill, J., Gharabaghi, A., Schölkopf, B., Peters, J.
Towards Brain-Robot Interfaces in Stroke Rehabilitation
In pages: 6, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 12th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR), July 2011 (inproceedings)
Saab, J., Battes, B., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Simultaneous EEG Recordings with Dry and Wet Electrodes in Motor-Imagery
In pages: 312-315, (Editors: Müller-Putz, G.R. , R. Scherer, M. Billinger, A. Kreilinger, V. Kaiser, C. Neuper), Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz, Graz, Austria, 5th International Brain-Computer Interface Conference (BCI), September 2011 (inproceedings)
Devlaminck, D., Wyns, B., Grosse-Wentrup, M., Otte, G., Santens, P.
Multi-subject learning for common spatial patterns in motor-imagery BCI
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2011(217987):1-9, August 2011 (article)
Grosse-Wentrup, M.
What are the Causes of Performance Variation in Brain-Computer Interfacing?
International Journal of Bioelectromagnetism, 13(3):115-116, September 2011 (article)
Grosse-Wentrup, M., Mattia, D., Oweiss, K.
Using brain–computer interfaces to induce neural plasticity and restore function
Journal of Neural Engineering, 8(2):1-5, April 2011 (article)
Grosse-Wentrup, M., Schölkopf, B., Hill, J.
Causal Influence of Gamma Oscillations on the Sensorimotor Rhythm
NeuroImage, 56(2):837-842, May 2011 (article)
Krusienski, D., Grosse-Wentrup, M., Galan, F., Coyle, D., Miller, K., Forney, E., Anderson, C.
Critical issues in state-of-the-art brain–computer interface signal processing
Journal of Neural Engineering, 8(2):1-8, April 2011 (article)
2010
Barbero, A., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Biased Feedback in Brain-Computer Interfaces
Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 7(34):1-4, July 2010 (article)
Gomez Rodriguez, M., Peters, J., Hill, J., Gharabaghi, A., Schölkopf, B., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Combining Real-Time Brain-Computer Interfacing and Robot Control for Stroke Rehabilitation
In Proceedings of SIMPAR 2010 Workshops, pages: 59-63, Brain-Computer Interface Workshop at SIMPAR: 2nd International Conference on Simulation, Modeling, and Programming for Autonomous Robots, November 2010 (inproceedings)
Gomez Rodriguez, M., Grosse-Wentrup, M., Peters, J., Naros, G., Hill, J., Schölkopf, B., Gharabaghi, A.
Epidural ECoG Online Decoding of Arm Movement Intention in Hemiparesis
In Proceedings of the 1st ICPR Workshop on Brain Decoding: Pattern Recognition Challenges in Neuroimaging (ICPR WBD 2010), pages: 36-39, (Editors: J. Richiardi and D Van De Ville and C Davatzikos and J Mourao-Miranda), IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 1st Workshop on Brain Decoding (WBD), August 2010 (inproceedings)
Alamgir, M., Grosse-Wentrup, M., Altun, Y.
Multitask Learning for Brain-Computer Interfaces
In JMLR Workshop and Conference Proceedings Volume 9: AISTATS 2010, pages: 17-24, (Editors: Teh, Y.W. , M. Titterington), JMLR, Cambridge, MA, USA, Thirteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics , May 2010 (inproceedings)
2009
Barbero, A., Franz, M., Drongelen, W., Dorronsoro, J., Schölkopf, B., Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Implicit Wiener Series Analysis of Epileptic Seizure Recordings
In EMBC 2009, pages: 5304-5307, (Editors: Y Kim and B He and G Worrell and X Pan), IEEE Service Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, September 2009 (inproceedings)
Grosse-Wentrup, M., Liefhold, C., Gramann, K., Buss, M.
Beamforming in Noninvasive Brain-Computer Interfaces
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 56(4):1209-1219, April 2009 (article)
Grosse-Wentrup, M.
Understanding Brain Connectivity Patterns during Motor Imagery for Brain-Computer Interfacing
In Advances in neural information processing systems 21, pages: 561-568, (Editors: Koller, D. , D. Schuurmans, Y. Bengio, L. Bottou), Curran, Red Hook, NY, USA, Twenty-Second Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2009 (inproceedings)
2008
Grosse-Wentrup, M., Buss, M.
Multi-class Common Spatial Pattern and Information Theoretic Feature Extraction
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 55(8):1991-2000, August 2008 (article)