Publications | Empirical Inference - Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems

370 results (View BibTeX file of all listed publications)

2011

Hierarchical Multitask Structured Output Learning for Large-scale Sequence Segmentation

Görnitz, N., Widmer, C., Zeller, G., Kahles, A., Sonnenburg, S., Rätsch, G.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, pages: 2690-2698, (Editors: J Shawe-Taylor and RS Zemel and P Bartlett and FCN Pereira and KQ Weinberger), Curran Associates, Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2011 (inproceedings)

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2011

Görnitz, N., Widmer, C., Zeller, G., Kahles, A., Sonnenburg, S., Rätsch, G. Hierarchical Multitask Structured Output Learning for Large-scale Sequence Segmentation In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, pages: 2690-2698, (Editors: J Shawe-Taylor and RS Zemel and P Bartlett and FCN Pereira and KQ Weinberger), Curran Associates, Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2011 (inproceedings)

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Phase transition in the family of p-resistances

Alamgir, M., von Luxburg, U.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, pages: 379-387, (Editors: J Shawe-Taylor and RS Zemel and P Bartlett and F Pereira and KQ Weinberger), Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2011 (inproceedings)

Abstract

We study the family of p-resistances on graphs for p ≥ 1. This family generalizes the standard resistance distance. We prove that for any fixed graph, for p=1, the p-resistance coincides with the shortest path distance, for p=2 it coincides with the standard resistance distance, and for p → ∞ it converges to the inverse of the minimal s-t-cut in the graph. Secondly, we consider the special case of random geometric graphs (such as k-nearest neighbor graphs) when the number n of vertices in the graph tends to infinity. We prove that an interesting phase-transition takes place. There exist two critical thresholds p^* and p^** such that if p < p^*, then the p-resistance depends on meaningful global properties of the graph, whereas if p > p^**, it only depends on trivial local quantities and does not convey any useful information. We can explicitly compute the critical values: p^* = 1 + 1/(d-1) and p^** = 1 + 1/(d-2) where d is the dimension of the underlying space (we believe that the fact that there is a small gap between p^* and p^** is an artifact of our proofs. We also relate our findings to Laplacian regularization and suggest to use q-Laplacians as regularizers, where q satisfies 1/p^* + 1/q = 1.

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Alamgir, M., von Luxburg, U. Phase transition in the family of p-resistances In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, pages: 379-387, (Editors: J Shawe-Taylor and RS Zemel and P Bartlett and F Pereira and KQ Weinberger), Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2011 (inproceedings)

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On Fast Approximate Submodular Minimization

Jegelka, S., Lin, H., Bilmes, J.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, pages: 460-468, (Editors: J Shawe-Taylor and RS Zemel and P Bartlett and F Pereira and KQ Weinberger), Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2011 (inproceedings)

Abstract

We are motivated by an application to extract a representative subset of machine learning training data and by the poor empirical performance we observe of the popular minimum norm algorithm. In fact, for our application, minimum norm can have a running time of about O(n7) (O(n5) oracle calls). We therefore propose a fast approximate method to minimize arbitrary submodular functions. For a large sub-class of submodular functions, the algorithm is exact. Other submodular functions are iteratively approximated by tight submodular upper bounds, and then repeatedly optimized. We show theoretical properties, and empirical results suggest significant speedups over minimum norm while retaining higher accuracies.

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Jegelka, S., Lin, H., Bilmes, J. On Fast Approximate Submodular Minimization In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, pages: 460-468, (Editors: J Shawe-Taylor and RS Zemel and P Bartlett and F Pereira and KQ Weinberger), Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2011 (inproceedings)

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PAC-Bayesian Analysis of Contextual Bandits

Seldin, Y., Auer, P., Laviolette, F., Shawe-Taylor, J., Ortner, R.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, pages: 1683-1691, (Editors: J Shawe-Taylor and RS Zemel and P Bartlett and F Pereira and KQ Weinberger), Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2011 (inproceedings)

Abstract

We derive an instantaneous (per-round) data-dependent regret bound for stochastic multiarmed bandits with side information (also known as contextual bandits). The scaling of our regret bound with the number of states (contexts) $N$ goes as $\sqrt{N I_{\rho_t}(S;A)}$, where $I_{\rho_t}(S;A)$ is the mutual information between states and actions (the side information) used by the algorithm at round $t$. If the algorithm uses all the side information, the regret bound scales as $\sqrt{N \ln K}$, where $K$ is the number of actions (arms). However, if the side information $I_{\rho_t}(S;A)$ is not fully used, the regret bound is significantly tighter. In the extreme case, when $I_{\rho_t}(S;A) = 0$, the dependence on the number of states reduces from linear to logarithmic. Our analysis allows to provide the algorithm large amount of side information, let the algorithm to decide which side information is relevant for the task, and penalize the algorithm only for the side information that it is using de facto. We also present an algorithm for multiarmed bandits with side information with computational complexity that is a linear in the number of actions.

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Seldin, Y., Auer, P., Laviolette, F., Shawe-Taylor, J., Ortner, R. PAC-Bayesian Analysis of Contextual Bandits In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, pages: 1683-1691, (Editors: J Shawe-Taylor and RS Zemel and P Bartlett and F Pereira and KQ Weinberger), Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2011 (inproceedings)

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Fast projections onto L1,q-norm balls for grouped feature selection

Sra, S.

In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases - European Conference, ECML PKDD 2011, LNCS vol 6913, Part III, pages: 305-317, (Editors: D Gunopulos and T Hofmann and D Malerba and M Vazirgiannis), Springer, 22th European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML), 2011 (inproceedings)

DOI [BibTex]

Sra, S. Fast projections onto L1,q-norm balls for grouped feature selection In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases - European Conference, ECML PKDD 2011, LNCS vol 6913, Part III, pages: 305-317, (Editors: D Gunopulos and T Hofmann and D Malerba and M Vazirgiannis), Springer, 22th European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML), 2011 (inproceedings)

DOI [BibTex]

Kernel Belief Propagation

Song, L., Gretton, A., Bickson, D., Low, Y., Guestrin, C.

In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, Vol. 15, pages: 707-715, (Editors: G Gordon and D Dunson and M Dudík), JMLR, AISTATS, 2011 (inproceedings)

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Song, L., Gretton, A., Bickson, D., Low, Y., Guestrin, C. Kernel Belief Propagation In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, Vol. 15, pages: 707-715, (Editors: G Gordon and D Dunson and M Dudík), JMLR, AISTATS, 2011 (inproceedings)

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On Causal Discovery with Cyclic Additive Noise Models

Mooij, J., Janzing, D., Schölkopf, B., Heskes, T.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, pages: 639-647, (Editors: J Shawe-Taylor and RS Zemel and PL Bartlett and FCN Pereira and KQ Weinberger), Curran Associates, Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2011 (inproceedings)

Abstract

We study a particular class of cyclic causal models, where each variable is a (possibly nonlinear) function of its parents and additive noise. We prove that the causal graph of such models is generically identifiable in the bivariate, Gaussian-noise case. We also propose a method to learn such models from observational data. In the acyclic case, the method reduces to ordinary regression, but in the more challenging cyclic case, an additional term arises in the loss function, which makes it a special case of nonlinear independent component analysis. We illustrate the proposed method on synthetic data.

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Mooij, J., Janzing, D., Schölkopf, B., Heskes, T. On Causal Discovery with Cyclic Additive Noise Models In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, pages: 639-647, (Editors: J Shawe-Taylor and RS Zemel and PL Bartlett and FCN Pereira and KQ Weinberger), Curran Associates, Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2011 (inproceedings)

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Additive Gaussian Processes

Duvenaud, D., Nickisch, H., Rasmussen, C.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, pages: 226-234, (Editors: J Shawe-Taylor and RS Zemel and P Bartlett and F Pereira and KQ Weinberger), Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2011 (inproceedings)

Abstract

We introduce a Gaussian process model of functions which are additive. An additive function is one which decomposes into a sum of low-dimensional functions, each depending on only a subset of the input variables. Additive GPs generalize both Generalized Additive Models, and the standard GP models which use squared-exponential kernels. Hyperparameter learning in this model can be seen as Bayesian Hierarchical Kernel Learning (HKL). We introduce an expressive but tractable parameterization of the kernel function, which allows efficient evaluation of all input interaction terms, whose number is exponential in the input dimension. The additional structure discoverable by this model results in increased interpretability, as well as state-of-the-art predictive power in regression tasks.

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Duvenaud, D., Nickisch, H., Rasmussen, C. Additive Gaussian Processes In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, pages: 226-234, (Editors: J Shawe-Taylor and RS Zemel and P Bartlett and F Pereira and KQ Weinberger), Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2011 (inproceedings)

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k-NN Regression Adapts to Local Intrinsic Dimension

Kpotufe, S.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, pages: 729-737, (Editors: J Shawe-Taylor and RS Zemel and P Bartlett and F Pereira and KQ Weinberger), Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2011 (inproceedings)

Abstract

Many nonparametric regressors were recently shown to converge at rates that depend only on the intrinsic dimension of data. These regressors thus escape the curse of dimension when high-dimensional data has low intrinsic dimension (e.g. a manifold). We show that k-NN regression is also adaptive to intrinsic dimension. In particular our rates are local to a query x and depend only on the way masses of balls centered at x vary with radius. Furthermore, we show a simple way to choose k = k(x) locally at any x so as to nearly achieve the minimax rate at x in terms of the unknown intrinsic dimension in the vicinity of x. We also establish that the minimax rate does not depend on a particular choice of metric space or distribution, but rather that this minimax rate holds for any metric space and doubling measure.

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Kpotufe, S. k-NN Regression Adapts to Local Intrinsic Dimension In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, pages: 729-737, (Editors: J Shawe-Taylor and RS Zemel and P Bartlett and F Pereira and KQ Weinberger), Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2011 (inproceedings)

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Fast Newton-type Methods for Total-Variation with Applications

Barbero, A., Sra, S.

In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2011, pages: 313-320, (Editors: L Getoor and T Scheffer), Omnipress, 28th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2011 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

Barbero, A., Sra, S. Fast Newton-type Methods for Total-Variation with Applications In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2011, pages: 313-320, (Editors: L Getoor and T Scheffer), Omnipress, 28th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2011 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

Parallel Gibbs Sampling: From Colored Fields to Thin Junction Trees

Gonzalez, J., Low, Y., Gretton, A., Guestrin, C.

In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, Vol. 15, pages: 324-332, (Editors: G Gordon and D Dunson and M Dudík), JMLR, AISTATS, 2011 (inproceedings)

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Gonzalez, J., Low, Y., Gretton, A., Guestrin, C. Parallel Gibbs Sampling: From Colored Fields to Thin Junction Trees In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, Vol. 15, pages: 324-332, (Editors: G Gordon and D Dunson and M Dudík), JMLR, AISTATS, 2011 (inproceedings)

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Access to Unlabeled Data can Speed up Prediction Time

Urner, R., Shalev-Shwartz, S., Ben-David, S.

In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Machine Learning, pages: 641-648, ICML, 2011 (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

Urner, R., Shalev-Shwartz, S., Ben-David, S. Access to Unlabeled Data can Speed up Prediction Time In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Machine Learning, pages: 641-648, ICML, 2011 (inproceedings)

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Recovering Intrinsic Images with a Global Sparsity Prior on Reflectance

Gehler, P., Rother, C., Kiefel, M., Zhang, L., Schölkopf, B.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, pages: 765-773, (Editors: Shawe-Taylor, John and Zemel, Richard S. and Bartlett, Peter L. and Pereira, Fernando C. N. and Weinberger, Kilian Q.), Curran Associates, Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2011 (inproceedings)

Abstract

We address the challenging task of decoupling material properties from lighting properties given a single image. In the last two decades virtually all works have concentrated on exploiting edge information to address this problem. We take a different route by introducing a new prior on reflectance, that models reflectance values as being drawn from a sparse set of basis colors. This results in a Random Field model with global, latent variables (basis colors) and pixel-accurate output reflectance values. We show that without edge information high-quality results can be achieved, that are on par with methods exploiting this source of information. Finally, we are able to improve on state-of-the-art results by integrating edge information into our model. We believe that our new approach is an excellent starting point for future developments in this field.

website + code pdf poster Project Page Project Page [BibTex]

Gehler, P., Rother, C., Kiefel, M., Zhang, L., Schölkopf, B. Recovering Intrinsic Images with a Global Sparsity Prior on Reflectance In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24, pages: 765-773, (Editors: Shawe-Taylor, John and Zemel, Richard S. and Bartlett, Peter L. and Pereira, Fernando C. N. and Weinberger, Kilian Q.), Curran Associates, Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, Twenty-Fifth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2011 (inproceedings)

website + code pdf poster Project Page Project Page [BibTex]

2004

Attentional Modulation of Auditory Event-Related Potentials in a Brain-Computer Interface

Hill, J., Lal, T., Bierig, K., Birbaumer, N., Schölkopf, B.

In BioCAS04, (S3/5/INV- S3/17-20):4, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 2004 IEEE International Workshop on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, December 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

Motivated by the particular problems involved in communicating with "locked-in" paralysed patients, we aim to develop a brain-computer interface that uses auditory stimuli. We describe a paradigm that allows a user to make a binary decision by focusing attention on one of two concurrent auditory stimulus sequences. Using Support Vector Machine classification and Recursive Channel Elimination on the independent components of averaged event-related potentials, we show that an untrained user‘s EEG data can be classified with an encouragingly high level of accuracy. This suggests that it is possible for users to modulate EEG signals in a single trial by the conscious direction of attention, well enough to be useful in BCI.

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2004

Hill, J., Lal, T., Bierig, K., Birbaumer, N., Schölkopf, B. Attentional Modulation of Auditory Event-Related Potentials in a Brain-Computer Interface In BioCAS04, (S3/5/INV- S3/17-20):4, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 2004 IEEE International Workshop on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, December 2004 (inproceedings)

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How to learn from very few examples?

Zhou, D.

October 2004 (talk)

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Zhou, D. How to learn from very few examples? October 2004 (talk)

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Discrete vs. Continuous: Two Sides of Machine Learning

Zhou, D.

October 2004 (talk)

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Zhou, D. Discrete vs. Continuous: Two Sides of Machine Learning October 2004 (talk)

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Discrete vs. Continuous: Two Sides of Machine Learning

Zhou, D.

October 2004 (talk)

Abstract

We consider the problem of transductive inference. In many real-world problems, unlabeled data is far easier to obtain than labeled data. Hence transductive inference is very significant in many practical problems. According to Vapnik's point of view, one should predict the function value only on the given points directly rather than a function defined on the whole space, the latter being a more complicated problem. Inspired by this idea, we develop discrete calculus on finite discrete spaces, and then build discrete regularization. A family of transductive algorithms is naturally derived from this regularization framework. We validate the algorithms on both synthetic and real-world data from text/web categorization to bioinformatics problems. A significant by-product of this work is a powerful way of ranking data based on examples including images, documents, proteins and many other kinds of data. This talk is mainly based on the followiing contribution: (1) D. Zhou and B. Sch{\"o}lkopf: Transductive Inference with Graphs, MPI Technical report, August, 2004; (2) D. Zhou, B. Sch{\"o}lkopf and T. Hofmann. Semi-supervised Learning on Directed Graphs. NIPS 2004; (3) D. Zhou, O. Bousquet, T.N. Lal, J. Weston and B. Sch{\"o}lkopf. Learning with Local and Global Consistency. NIPS 2003.

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Zhou, D. Discrete vs. Continuous: Two Sides of Machine Learning October 2004 (talk)

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Using kernel PCA for Initialisation of Variational Bayesian Nonlinear Blind Source Separation Method

Honkela, A., Harmeling, S., Lundqvist, L., Valpola, H.

In ICA 2004, pages: 790-797, (Editors: Puntonet, C. G., A. Prieto), Springer, Berlin, Germany, Fifth International Conference on Independent Component Analysis and Blind Signal Separation, October 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

The variational Bayesian nonlinear blind source separation method introduced by Lappalainen and Honkela in 2000 is initialised with linear principal component analysis (PCA). Because of the multilayer perceptron (MLP) network used to model the nonlinearity, the method is susceptible to local minima and therefore sensitive to the initialisation used. As the method is used for nonlinear separation, the linear initialisation may in some cases lead it astray. In this paper we study the use of kernel PCA (KPCA) in the initialisation. KPCA is a rather straightforward generalisation of linear PCA and it is much faster to compute than the variational Bayesian method. The experiments show that it can produce significantly better initialisations than linear PCA. Additionally, the model comparison methods provided by the variational Bayesian framework can be easily applied to compare different kernels.

DOI [BibTex]

Honkela, A., Harmeling, S., Lundqvist, L., Valpola, H. Using kernel PCA for Initialisation of Variational Bayesian Nonlinear Blind Source Separation Method In ICA 2004, pages: 790-797, (Editors: Puntonet, C. G., A. Prieto), Springer, Berlin, Germany, Fifth International Conference on Independent Component Analysis and Blind Signal Separation, October 2004 (inproceedings)

DOI [BibTex]

Robust ICA for Super-Gaussian Sources

Meinecke, F., Harmeling, S., Müller, K.

In ICA 2004, pages: 217-224, (Editors: Puntonet, C. G., A. Prieto), Springer, Berlin, Germany, Fifth International Conference on Independent Component Analysis and Blind Signal Separation, October 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

Most ICA algorithms are sensitive to outliers. Instead of robustifying existing algorithms by outlier rejection techniques, we show how a simple outlier index can be used directly to solve the ICA problem for super-Gaussian source signals. This ICA method is outlier-robust by construction and can be used for standard ICA as well as for over-complete ICA (i.e. more source signals than observed signals (mixtures)).

DOI [BibTex]

Meinecke, F., Harmeling, S., Müller, K. Robust ICA for Super-Gaussian Sources In ICA 2004, pages: 217-224, (Editors: Puntonet, C. G., A. Prieto), Springer, Berlin, Germany, Fifth International Conference on Independent Component Analysis and Blind Signal Separation, October 2004 (inproceedings)

DOI [BibTex]

Modelling Spikes with Mixtures of Factor Analysers

Görür, D., Rasmussen, C., Tolias, A., Sinz, F., Logothetis, N.

In Pattern Recognition, pages: 391-398, LNCS 3175, (Editors: Rasmussen, C. E. , H.H. Bülthoff, B. Schölkopf, M.A. Giese), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 26th DAGM Symposium, September 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

Identifying the action potentials of individual neurons from extracellular recordings, known as spike sorting, is a challenging problem. We consider the spike sorting problem using a generative model,mixtures of factor analysers, which concurrently performs clustering and feature extraction. The most important advantage of this method is that it quantifies the certainty with which the spikes are classified. This can be used as a means for evaluating the quality of clustering and therefore spike isolation. Using this method, nearly simultaneously occurring spikes can also be modelled which is a hard task for many of the spike sorting methods. Furthermore, modelling the data with a generative model allows us to generate simulated data.

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Görür, D., Rasmussen, C., Tolias, A., Sinz, F., Logothetis, N. Modelling Spikes with Mixtures of Factor Analysers In Pattern Recognition, pages: 391-398, LNCS 3175, (Editors: Rasmussen, C. E. , H.H. Bülthoff, B. Schölkopf, M.A. Giese), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 26th DAGM Symposium, September 2004 (inproceedings)

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Learning Depth From Stereo

Sinz, F., Candela, J., BakIr, G., Rasmussen, C., Franz, M.

In 26th DAGM Symposium, pages: 245-252, LNCS 3175, (Editors: Rasmussen, C. E., H. H. Bülthoff, B. Schölkopf, M. A. Giese), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 26th DAGM Symposium, September 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

We compare two approaches to the problem of estimating the depth of a point in space from observing its image position in two different cameras: 1.~The classical photogrammetric approach explicitly models the two cameras and estimates their intrinsic and extrinsic parameters using a tedious calibration procedure; 2.~A generic machine learning approach where the mapping from image to spatial coordinates is directly approximated by a Gaussian Process regression. Our results show that the generic learning approach, in addition to simplifying the procedure of calibration, can lead to higher depth accuracies than classical calibration although no specific domain knowledge is used.

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Sinz, F., Candela, J., BakIr, G., Rasmussen, C., Franz, M. Learning Depth From Stereo In 26th DAGM Symposium, pages: 245-252, LNCS 3175, (Editors: Rasmussen, C. E., H. H. Bülthoff, B. Schölkopf, M. A. Giese), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 26th DAGM Symposium, September 2004 (inproceedings)

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Grundlagen von Support Vector Maschinen und Anwendungen in der Bildverarbeitung

Eichhorn, J.

September 2004 (talk)

Abstract

Invited talk at the workshop "Numerical, Statistical and Discrete Methods in Image Processing" at the TU M{\"u}nchen (in GERMAN)

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Eichhorn, J. Grundlagen von Support Vector Maschinen und Anwendungen in der Bildverarbeitung September 2004 (talk)

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Stability of Hausdorff-based Distance Measures

Shapiro, MD., Blaschko, MB.

In VIIP, pages: 1-6, VIIP, September 2004 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

Shapiro, MD., Blaschko, MB. Stability of Hausdorff-based Distance Measures In VIIP, pages: 1-6, VIIP, September 2004 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

The benefit of liquid Helium cooling for Cryo-Electron Tomography: A quantitative comparative study

Schweikert, G., Luecken, U., Pfeifer, G., Baumeister, W., Plitzko, J.

The thirteenth European Microscopy Congress, August 2004 (talk)

[BibTex]

Schweikert, G., Luecken, U., Pfeifer, G., Baumeister, W., Plitzko, J. The benefit of liquid Helium cooling for Cryo-Electron Tomography: A quantitative comparative study The thirteenth European Microscopy Congress, August 2004 (talk)

[BibTex]

Learning to Find Graph Pre-Images

BakIr, G., Zien, A., Tsuda, K.

In Pattern Recognition, pages: 253-261, (Editors: Rasmussen, C. E., H. H. Bülthoff, B. Schölkopf, M. A. Giese), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 26th DAGM Symposium, August 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

The recent development of graph kernel functions has made it possible to apply well-established machine learning methods to graphs. However, to allow for analyses that yield a graph as a result, it is necessary to solve the so-called pre-image problem: to reconstruct a graph from its feature space representation induced by the kernel. Here, we suggest a practical solution to this problem.

PostScript PDF DOI [BibTex]

BakIr, G., Zien, A., Tsuda, K. Learning to Find Graph Pre-Images In Pattern Recognition, pages: 253-261, (Editors: Rasmussen, C. E., H. H. Bülthoff, B. Schölkopf, M. A. Giese), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 26th DAGM Symposium, August 2004 (inproceedings)

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Gaussian Process Classification for Segmenting and Annotating Sequences

Altun, Y., Hofmann, T., Smola, A.

In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2004), pages: 25-32, (Editors: Greiner, R. , D. Schuurmans), ACM Press, New York, USA, 21st International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), July 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

Many real-world classification tasks involve the prediction of multiple, inter-dependent class labels. A prototypical case of this sort deals with prediction of a sequence of labels for a sequence of observations. Such problems arise naturally in the context of annotating and segmenting observation sequences. This paper generalizes Gaussian Process classification to predict multiple labels by taking dependencies between neighboring labels into account. Our approach is motivated by the desire to retain rigorous probabilistic semantics, while overcoming limitations of parametric methods like Conditional Random Fields, which exhibit conceptual and computational difficulties in high-dimensional input spaces. Experiments on named entity recognition and pitch accent prediction tasks demonstrate the competitiveness of our approach.

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Altun, Y., Hofmann, T., Smola, A. Gaussian Process Classification for Segmenting and Annotating Sequences In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2004), pages: 25-32, (Editors: Greiner, R. , D. Schuurmans), ACM Press, New York, USA, 21st International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), July 2004 (inproceedings)

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Learning with Non-Positive Kernels

Ong, CS., Mary, X., Canu, S., Smola, AJ.

In ICML 2004, pages: 81-81, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, Twenty-First International Conference on Machine Learning, July 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

n this paper we show that many kernel methods can be adapted to deal with indefinite kernels, that is, kernels which are not positive semidefinite. They do not satisfy Mercer‘s condition and they induce associated functional spaces called Reproducing Kernel Kre&icaron;n Spaces (RKKS), a generalization of Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHS).Machine learning in RKKS shares many "nice" properties of learning in RKHS, such as orthogonality and projection. However, since the kernels are indefinite, we can no longer minimize the loss, instead we stabilize it. We show a general representer theorem for constrained stabilization and prove generalization bounds by computing the Rademacher averages of the kernel class. We list several examples of indefinite kernels and investigate regularization methods to solve spline interpolation. Some preliminary experiments with indefinite kernels for spline smoothing are reported for truncated spectral factorization, Landweber-Fridman iterations, and MR-II.

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Ong, CS., Mary, X., Canu, S., Smola, AJ. Learning with Non-Positive Kernels In ICML 2004, pages: 81-81, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, Twenty-First International Conference on Machine Learning, July 2004 (inproceedings)

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Exponential Families for Conditional Random Fields

Altun, Y., Smola, A., Hofmann, T.

In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI 2004), pages: 2-9, (Editors: Chickering, D.M. , J.Y. Halpern), Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, USA, 20th Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), July 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

In this paper we define conditional random fields in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces and show connections to Gaussian Process classification. More specifically, we prove decomposition results for undirected graphical models and we give constructions for kernels. Finally we present efficient means of solving the optimization problem using reduced rank decompositions and we show how stationarity can be exploited efficiently in the optimization process.

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Altun, Y., Smola, A., Hofmann, T. Exponential Families for Conditional Random Fields In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI 2004), pages: 2-9, (Editors: Chickering, D.M. , J.Y. Halpern), Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, USA, 20th Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), July 2004 (inproceedings)

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Using Conditional Random Fields to Predict Pitch Accent in Conversational Speech

Gregory, M., Altun, Y.

In pages: 677-684, (Editors: Scott, D. , W. Daelemans, M. Walker), ACL, East Stroudsburg, PA, USA, 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), July 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

The detection of prosodic characteristics is an important aspect of both speech synthesis and speech recognition. Correct placement of pitch accents aids in more natural sounding speech, while automatic detection of accents can contribute to better wordlevel recognition and better textual understanding. In this paper we investigate probabilistic, contextual, and phonological factors that influence pitch accent placement in natural, conversational speech in a sequence labeling setting. We introduce Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) to pitch accent prediction task in order to incorporate these factors efficiently in a sequence model. We demonstrate the usefulness and the incremental effect of these factors in a sequence model by performing experiments on hand labeled data from the Switchboard Corpus. Our model outperforms the baseline and previous models of pitch accent prediction on the Switchboard Corpus.

Web [BibTex]

Gregory, M., Altun, Y. Using Conditional Random Fields to Predict Pitch Accent in Conversational Speech In pages: 677-684, (Editors: Scott, D. , W. Daelemans, M. Walker), ACL, East Stroudsburg, PA, USA, 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), July 2004 (inproceedings)

Web [BibTex]

Support vector machine learning for interdependent and structured output spaces

Tsochantaridis, I., Hofmann, T., Joachims, T., Altun, Y.

In pages: 1-8, (Editors: Greiner, R. , D. Schuurmans), AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, USA, Twenty-first International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), July 2004 (inproceedings)

Web DOI [BibTex]

Tsochantaridis, I., Hofmann, T., Joachims, T., Altun, Y. Support vector machine learning for interdependent and structured output spaces In pages: 1-8, (Editors: Greiner, R. , D. Schuurmans), AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA, USA, Twenty-first International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), July 2004 (inproceedings)

Web DOI [BibTex]

Riemannian Geometry on Graphs and its Application to Ranking and Classification

Zhou, D.

June 2004 (talk)

Abstract

PDF [BibTex]

Zhou, D. Riemannian Geometry on Graphs and its Application to Ranking and Classification June 2004 (talk)

PDF [BibTex]

PAC-Bayesian Generic Chaining

Audibert, J., Bousquet, O.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 1125-1132 , (Editors: Thrun, S., L.K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

There exist many different generalization error bounds for classification. Each of these bounds contains an improvement over the others for certain situations. Our goal is to combine these different improvements into a single bound. In particular we combine the PAC-Bayes approach introduced by McAllester, which is interesting for averaging classifiers, with the optimal union bound provided by the generic chaining technique developed by Fernique and Talagrand. This combination is quite natural since the generic chaining is based on the notion of majorizing measures, which can be considered as priors on the set of classifiers, and such priors also arise in the PAC-bayesian setting.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Audibert, J., Bousquet, O. PAC-Bayesian Generic Chaining In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 1125-1132 , (Editors: Thrun, S., L.K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

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Prediction on Spike Data Using Kernel Algorithms

Eichhorn, J., Tolias, A., Zien, A., Kuss, M., Rasmussen, C., Weston, J., Logothetis, N., Schölkopf, B.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 1367-1374, (Editors: S Thrun and LK Saul and B Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

We report and compare the performance of different learning algorithms based on data from cortical recordings. The task is to predict the orientation of visual stimuli from the activity of a population of simultaneously recorded neurons. We compare several ways of improving the coding of the input (i.e., the spike data) as well as of the output (i.e., the orientation), and report the results obtained using different kernel algorithms.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Eichhorn, J., Tolias, A., Zien, A., Kuss, M., Rasmussen, C., Weston, J., Logothetis, N., Schölkopf, B. Prediction on Spike Data Using Kernel Algorithms In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 1367-1374, (Editors: S Thrun and LK Saul and B Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

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Warped Gaussian Processes

Snelson, E., Rasmussen, CE., Ghahramani, Z.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 337-344, (Editors: Thrun, S., L.K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

We generalise the Gaussian process (GP) framework for regression by learning a nonlinear transformation of the GP outputs. This allows for non-Gaussian processes and non-Gaussian noise. The learning algorithm chooses a nonlinear transformation such that transformed data is well-modelled by a GP. This can be seen as including a preprocessing transformation as an integral part of the probabilistic modelling problem, rather than as an ad-hoc step. We demonstrate on several real regression problems that learning the transformation can lead to significantly better performance than using a regular GP, or a GP with a fixed transformation.

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Snelson, E., Rasmussen, CE., Ghahramani, Z. Warped Gaussian Processes In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 337-344, (Editors: Thrun, S., L.K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

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Ranking on Data Manifolds

Zhou, D., Weston, J., Gretton, A., Bousquet, O., Schölkopf, B.

In Advances in neural information processing systems 16, pages: 169-176, (Editors: S Thrun and L Saul and B Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

The Google search engine has enjoyed a huge success with its web page ranking algorithm, which exploits global, rather than local, hyperlink structure of the web using random walks. Here we propose a simple universal ranking algorithm for data lying in the Euclidean space, such as text or image data. The core idea of our method is to rank the data with respect to the intrinsic manifold structure collectively revealed by a great amount of data. Encouraging experimental results from synthetic, image, and text data illustrate the validity of our method.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Zhou, D., Weston, J., Gretton, A., Bousquet, O., Schölkopf, B. Ranking on Data Manifolds In Advances in neural information processing systems 16, pages: 169-176, (Editors: S Thrun and L Saul and B Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

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Gaussian Processes in Reinforcement Learning

Rasmussen, C., Kuss, M.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 751-759, (Editors: Thrun, S., L. K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

We exploit some useful properties of Gaussian process (GP) regression models for reinforcement learning in continuous state spaces and discrete time. We demonstrate how the GP model allows evaluation of the value function in closed form. The resulting policy iteration algorithm is demonstrated on a simple problem with a two dimensional state space. Further, we speculate that the intrinsic ability of GP models to characterise distributions of functions would allow the method to capture entire distributions over future values instead of merely their expectation, which has traditionally been the focus of much of reinforcement learning.

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Rasmussen, C., Kuss, M. Gaussian Processes in Reinforcement Learning In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 751-759, (Editors: Thrun, S., L. K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

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Learning with Local and Global Consistency

Zhou, D., Bousquet, O., Lal, T., Weston, J., Schölkopf, B.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 321-328, (Editors: S Thrun and LK Saul and B Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

We consider the general problem of learning from labeled and unlabeled data, which is often called semi-supervised learning or transductive inference. A principled approach to semi-supervised learning is to design a classifying function which is sufficiently smooth with respect to the intrinsic structure collectively revealed by known labeled and unlabeled points. We present a simple algorithm to obtain such a smooth solution. Our method yields encouraging experimental results on a number of classification problems and demonstrates effective use of unlabeled data.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Zhou, D., Bousquet, O., Lal, T., Weston, J., Schölkopf, B. Learning with Local and Global Consistency In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 321-328, (Editors: S Thrun and LK Saul and B Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

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Learning to Find Pre-Images

Bakir, G., Weston, J., Schölkopf, B.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 449-456, (Editors: S Thrun and LK Saul and B Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

We consider the problem of reconstructing patterns from a feature map. Learning algorithms using kernels to operate in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) express their solutions in terms of input points mapped into the RKHS. We introduce a technique based on kernel principal component analysis and regression to reconstruct corresponding patterns in the input space (aka pre-images) and review its performance in several applications requiring the construction of pre-images. The introduced technique avoids difficult and/or unstable numerical optimization, is easy to implement and, unlike previous methods, permits the computation of pre-images in discrete input spaces.

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Bakir, G., Weston, J., Schölkopf, B. Learning to Find Pre-Images In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 449-456, (Editors: S Thrun and LK Saul and B Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

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Measure Based Regularization

Bousquet, O., Chapelle, O., Hein, M.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 1221-1228, (Editors: Thrun, S., L. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

We address in this paper the question of how the knowledge of the marginal distribution $P(x)$ can be incorporated in a learning algorithm. We suggest three theoretical methods for taking into account this distribution for regularization and provide links to existing graph-based semi-supervised learning algorithms. We also propose practical implementations.

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Bousquet, O., Chapelle, O., Hein, M. Measure Based Regularization In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 1221-1228, (Editors: Thrun, S., L. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

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Insights from Machine Learning Applied to Human Visual Classification

Graf, A., Wichmann, F.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 905-912, (Editors: Thrun, S., L. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

We attempt to understand visual classification in humans using both psychophysical and machine learning techniques. Frontal views of human faces were used for a gender classification task. Human subjects classified the faces and their gender judgment, reaction time and confidence rating were recorded. Several hyperplane learning algorithms were used on the same classification task using the Principal Components of the texture and flowfield representation of the faces. The classification performance of the learning algorithms was estimated using the face database with the true gender of the faces as labels, and also with the gender estimated by the subjects. We then correlated the human responses to the distance of the stimuli to the separating hyperplane of the learning algorithms. Our results suggest that human classification can be modeled by some hyperplane algorithms in the feature space we used. For classification, the brain needs more processing for stimuli close to that hyperplane than for those further away.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Graf, A., Wichmann, F. Insights from Machine Learning Applied to Human Visual Classification In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 905-912, (Editors: Thrun, S., L. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

Image Construction by Linear Programming

Tsuda, K., Rätsch, G.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 57-64, (Editors: Thrun, S., L.K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

A common way of image denoising is to project a noisy image to the subspace of admissible images made for instance by PCA. However, a major drawback of this method is that all pixels are updated by the projection, even when only a few pixels are corrupted by noise or occlusion. We propose a new method to identify the noisy pixels by 1-norm penalization and update the identified pixels only. The identification and updating of noisy pixels are formulated as one linear program which can be solved efficiently. Especially, one can apply the ν-trick to directly specify the fraction of pixels to be reconstructed. Moreover, we extend the linear program to be able to exploit prior knowledge that occlusions often appear in contiguous blocks (e.g. sunglasses on faces). The basic idea is to penalize boundary points and interior points of the occluded area differently. We are able to show the ν-property also for this extended LP leading a method which is easy to use. Experimental results impressively demonstrate the power of our approach.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Tsuda, K., Rätsch, G. Image Construction by Linear Programming In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 57-64, (Editors: Thrun, S., L.K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

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Semi-Supervised Protein Classification using Cluster Kernels

Weston, J., Leslie, C., Zhou, D., Elisseeff, A., Noble, W.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 595-602, (Editors: Thrun, S., L.K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

A key issue in supervised protein classification is the representation of input sequences of amino acids. Recent work using string kernels for protein data has achieved state-of-the-art classification performance. However, such representations are based only on labeled data --- examples with known 3D structures, organized into structural classes --- while in practice, unlabeled data is far more plentiful. In this work, we develop simple and scalable cluster kernel techniques for incorporating unlabeled data into the representation of protein sequences. We show that our methods greatly improve the classification performance of string kernels and outperform standard approaches for using unlabeled data, such as adding close homologs of the positive examples to the training data. We achieve equal or superior performance to previously presented cluster kernel methods while achieving far greater computational efficiency.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Weston, J., Leslie, C., Zhou, D., Elisseeff, A., Noble, W. Semi-Supervised Protein Classification using Cluster Kernels In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16, pages: 595-602, (Editors: Thrun, S., L.K. Saul, B. Schölkopf), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Seventeenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), June 2004 (inproceedings)

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Kernel Hebbian Algorithm for single-frame super-resolution

Kim, K., Franz, M., Schölkopf, B.

In Computer Vision - ECCV 2004, LNCS vol. 3024, pages: 135-149, (Editors: A Leonardis and H Bischof), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 8th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), May 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

This paper presents a method for single-frame image super-resolution using an unsupervised learning technique. The required prior knowledge about the high-resolution images is obtained from Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA). The original form of KPCA, however, can be only applied to strongly restricted image classes due to the limited number of training examples that can be processed. We therefore propose a new iterative method for performing KPCA, the {em Kernel Hebbian Algorithm}. By kernelizing the Generalized Hebbian Algorithm, one can iteratively estimate the Kernel Principal Components with only linear order memory complexity. The resulting super-resolution algorithm shows a comparable performance to the existing supervised methods on images containing faces and natural scenes.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Kim, K., Franz, M., Schölkopf, B. Kernel Hebbian Algorithm for single-frame super-resolution In Computer Vision - ECCV 2004, LNCS vol. 3024, pages: 135-149, (Editors: A Leonardis and H Bischof), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 8th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), May 2004 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

Pattern Selection for SVM based "Futures Trading System"

Sun, J., Cho, S., Shin, H.

In Proc. of the Korean Data Mining Conference, pages: 175-183, Korean Data Mining Society Conference, April 2004 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

Sun, J., Cho, S., Shin, H. Pattern Selection for SVM based "Futures Trading System" In Proc. of the Korean Data Mining Conference, pages: 175-183, Korean Data Mining Society Conference, April 2004 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

Minimum Sum-Squared Residue based clustering of Gene Expression Data

Cho, H., Guan, Y., Dhillon, I., Sra, S.

In SIAM Data Mining, pages: 00-00, SDM, April 2004 (inproceedings)

GZIP [BibTex]

Cho, H., Guan, Y., Dhillon, I., Sra, S. Minimum Sum-Squared Residue based clustering of Gene Expression Data In SIAM Data Mining, pages: 00-00, SDM, April 2004 (inproceedings)

GZIP [BibTex]

Preservation of Neighborhood Relation under Input to Feature Space Mapping in SVM Training

Shin, H., Cho, S.

In Proc. of the 33rd International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering (C&IE 2004), pages: 1-10, the 33rd International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering (C&IE), April 2004, in CD (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

Shin, H., Cho, S. Preservation of Neighborhood Relation under Input to Feature Space Mapping in SVM Training In Proc. of the 33rd International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering (C&IE 2004), pages: 1-10, the 33rd International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering (C&IE), April 2004, in CD (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

Learning from Labeled and Unlabeled Data: Semi-supervised Learning and Ranking

Zhou, D.

January 2004 (talk)

Abstract

PDF [BibTex]

Zhou, D. Learning from Labeled and Unlabeled Data: Semi-supervised Learning and Ranking January 2004 (talk)

PDF [BibTex]

Introduction to Category Theory

Bousquet, O.

Internal Seminar, January 2004 (talk)

Abstract

A brief introduction to the general idea behind category theory with some basic definitions and examples. A perspective on higher dimensional categories is given.

PDF [BibTex]

Bousquet, O. Introduction to Category Theory Internal Seminar, January 2004 (talk)

PDF [BibTex]

Unifying Colloborative and Content-Based Filtering.

Basilico, J., Hofmann, T.

In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pages: 65 , (Editors: Greiner, R. , D. Schuurmans), ACM Press, New York, USA, ICLM, 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

Collaborative and content-based filtering are two paradigms that have been applied in the context of recommender systems and user preference prediction. This paper proposes a novel, unified approach that systematically integrates all available training information such as past user-item ratings as well as attributes of items or users to learn a prediction function. The key ingredient of our method is the design of a suitable kernel or similarity function between user-item pairs that allows simultaneous generalization across the user and item dimensions. We propose an on-line algorithm (JRank) that generalizes perceptron learning. Experimental results on the EachMovie data set show significant improvements over standard approaches.

PDF [BibTex]

Basilico, J., Hofmann, T. Unifying Colloborative and Content-Based Filtering. In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pages: 65 , (Editors: Greiner, R. , D. Schuurmans), ACM Press, New York, USA, ICLM, 2004 (inproceedings)

PDF [BibTex]

Clustering Protein Sequence and Structure Space with Infinite Gaussian Mixture Models

Dubey, A., Hwang, S., Rangel, C., Rasmussen, CE., Ghahramani, Z., Wild, DL.

In Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing 2004; Vol. 9, pages: 399-410, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing, 2004 (inproceedings)

Abstract

We describe a novel approach to the problem of automatically clustering protein sequences and discovering protein families, subfamilies etc., based on the thoery of infinite Gaussian mixture models. This method allows the data itself to dictate how many mixture components are required to model it, and provides a measure of the probability that two proteins belong to the same cluster. We illustrate our methods with application to three data sets: globin sequences, globin sequences with known tree-dimensional structures and G-pretein coupled receptor sequences. The consistency of the clusters indicate that that our methods is producing biologically meaningful results, which provide a very good indication of the underlying families and subfamilies. With the inclusion of secondary structure and residue solvent accessibility information, we obtain a classification of sequences of known structure which reflects and extends their SCOP classifications. A supplementary web site containing larger versions of the figures is available at http://public.kgi.edu/~wild/PSB04

PDF [BibTex]

Dubey, A., Hwang, S., Rangel, C., Rasmussen, CE., Ghahramani, Z., Wild, DL. Clustering Protein Sequence and Structure Space with Infinite Gaussian Mixture Models In Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing 2004; Vol. 9, pages: 399-410, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing, 2004 (inproceedings)

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