Header logo is ei

64 results (View BibTeX file of all listed publications)

2002

no image
Real-Time Statistical Learning for Oculomotor Control and Visuomotor Coordination

Vijayakumar, S., Souza, A., Peters, J., Conradt, J., Rutkowski, T., Ijspeert, A., Nakanishi, J., Inoue, M., Shibata, T., Wiryo, A., Itti, L., Amari, S., Schaal, S.

(Editors: Becker, S. , S. Thrun, K. Obermayer), Sixteenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), December 2002 (poster)

Web [BibTex]

2002

Vijayakumar, S., Souza, A., Peters, J., Conradt, J., Rutkowski, T., Ijspeert, A., Nakanishi, J., Inoue, M., Shibata, T., Wiryo, A., Itti, L., Amari, S., Schaal, S. Real-Time Statistical Learning for Oculomotor Control and Visuomotor Coordination (Editors: Becker, S. , S. Thrun, K. Obermayer), Sixteenth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), December 2002 (poster)

Web [BibTex]

no image
Surface-slant-from-texture discrimination: Effects of slant level and texture type

Rosas, P., Wichmann, F., Wagemans, J.

Journal of Vision, 2(7):300, Second Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society (VSS), November 2002 (poster)

Abstract
The problem of surface-slant-from-texture was studied psychophysically by measuring the performances of five human subjects in a slant-discrimination task with a number of different types of textures: uniform lattices, randomly displaced lattices, polka dots, Voronoi tessellations, orthogonal sinusoidal plaid patterns, fractal or 1/f noise, “coherent” noise and a “diffusion-based” texture (leopard skin-like). The results show: (1) Improving performance with larger slants for all textures. (2) A “non-symmetrical” performance around a particular slant characterized by a psychometric function that is steeper in the direction of the more slanted orientation. (3) For sufficiently large slants (66 deg) there are no major differences in performance between any of the different textures. (4) For slants at 26, 37 and 53 degrees, however, there are marked differences between the different textures. (5) The observed differences in performance across textures for slants up to 53 degrees are systematic within subjects, and nearly so across them. This allows a rank-order of textures to be formed according to their “helpfulness” — that is, how easy the discrimination task is when a particular texture is mapped on the surface. Polka dots tended to allow the best slant discrimination performance, noise patterns the worst up to the large slant of 66 degrees at which performance was almost independent of the particular texture chosen. Finally, our large number of 2AFC trials (approximately 2800 trials per texture across subjects) and associated tight confidence intervals may enable us to find out about which statistical properties of the textures could be responsible for surface-slant-from-texture estimation, with the ultimate goal of being able to predict observer performance for any arbitrary texture.

Web DOI [BibTex]

Rosas, P., Wichmann, F., Wagemans, J. Surface-slant-from-texture discrimination: Effects of slant level and texture type Journal of Vision, 2(7):300, Second Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society (VSS), November 2002 (poster)

Web DOI [BibTex]

no image
Modelling Contrast Transfer in Spatial Vision

Wichmann, F.

Journal of Vision, 2(10):7, Second Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society (VSS), November 2002 (poster)

Abstract
Much of our information about spatial vision comes from detection experiments involving low-contrast stimuli. Contrast discrimination experiments provide one way to explore the visual system's response to stimuli of higher contrast, the results of which allow different models of contrast processing (e.g. energy versus gain-control models) to be critically assessed (Wichmann & Henning, 1999). Studies of detection and discrimination using pulse train stimuli in noise, on the other hand, make predictions about the number, position and properties of noise sources within the processing stream (Henning, Bird & Wichmann, 2002). Here I report modelling results combining data from both sinusoidal and pulse train experiments in and without noise to arrive at a more tightly constrained model of early spatial vision.

Web DOI [BibTex]

Wichmann, F. Modelling Contrast Transfer in Spatial Vision Journal of Vision, 2(10):7, Second Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society (VSS), November 2002 (poster)

Web DOI [BibTex]

no image
Gender Classification of Human Faces

Graf, A., Wichmann, F.

In Biologically Motivated Computer Vision, pages: 1-18, (Editors: Bülthoff, H. H., S.W. Lee, T. A. Poggio and C. Wallraven), Springer, Berlin, Germany, Second International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision (BMCV), November 2002 (inproceedings)

Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of combining pre-processing methods—dimensionality reduction using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Locally Linear Embedding (LLE)—with Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification for a behaviorally important task in humans: gender classification. A processed version of the MPI head database is used as stimulus set. First, summary statistics of the head database are studied. Subsequently the optimal parameters for LLE and the SVM are sought heuristically. These values are then used to compare the original face database with its processed counterpart and to assess the behavior of a SVM with respect to changes in illumination and perspective of the face images. Overall, PCA was superior in classification performance and allowed linear separability.

PDF PDF DOI [BibTex]

Graf, A., Wichmann, F. Gender Classification of Human Faces In Biologically Motivated Computer Vision, pages: 1-18, (Editors: Bülthoff, H. H., S.W. Lee, T. A. Poggio and C. Wallraven), Springer, Berlin, Germany, Second International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision (BMCV), November 2002 (inproceedings)

PDF PDF DOI [BibTex]

no image
Insect-Inspired Estimation of Self-Motion

Franz, MO., Chahl, JS.

In Biologically Motivated Computer Vision, (2525):171-180, LNCS, (Editors: Bülthoff, H.H. , S.W. Lee, T.A. Poggio, C. Wallraven), Springer, Berlin, Germany, Second International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision (BMCV), November 2002 (inproceedings)

Abstract
The tangential neurons in the fly brain are sensitive to the typical optic flow patterns generated during self-motion. In this study, we examine whether a simplified linear model of these neurons can be used to estimate self-motion from the optic flow. We present a theory for the construction of an optimal linear estimator incorporating prior knowledge about the environment. The optimal estimator is tested on a gantry carrying an omnidirectional vision sensor. The experiments show that the proposed approach leads to accurate and robust estimates of rotation rates, whereas translation estimates turn out to be less reliable.

PDF PDF DOI [BibTex]

Franz, MO., Chahl, JS. Insect-Inspired Estimation of Self-Motion In Biologically Motivated Computer Vision, (2525):171-180, LNCS, (Editors: Bülthoff, H.H. , S.W. Lee, T.A. Poggio, C. Wallraven), Springer, Berlin, Germany, Second International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision (BMCV), November 2002 (inproceedings)

PDF PDF DOI [BibTex]

no image
Pulse train detection and discrimination in pink noise

Henning, G., Wichmann, F., Bird, C.

Journal of Vision, 2(7):229, Second Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society (VSS), November 2002 (poster)

Abstract
Much of our information about spatial vision comes from detection experiments involving low-contrast stimuli. Contrast discrimination experiments provide one way to explore the visual system's response to stimuli of higher contrast. We explored both detection and contrast discrimination performance with sinusoidal and "pulse-train" (or line) gratings. Both types of grating had a fundamental spatial frequency of 2.09-c/deg but the pulse-train, ideally, contains, in addition to its fundamental component, all the harmonics of the fundamental. Although the 2.09-c/deg pulse-train produced on the display was measured and shown to contain at least 8 harmonics at equal contrast, it was no more detectable than its most detectable component; no benefit from having additional information at the harmonics was measurable. The addition of broadband "pink" noise, designed to equalize the detectability of the components of the pulse train, made it about a factor of four more detectable than any of its components. However, in contrast-discrimination experiments, with an in-phase pedestal or masking grating of the same form and phase as the signal and 15% contrast, the noise did not improve the discrimination performance of the pulse train relative to that of its sinusoidal components. In contrast, a 2.09-c/deg "super train," constructed to have 8 equally detectable harmonics, was a factor of five more detectable than any of its components. We discuss the implications of these observations for models of early vision in particular the implications for possible sources of internal noise.

Web DOI [BibTex]

Henning, G., Wichmann, F., Bird, C. Pulse train detection and discrimination in pink noise Journal of Vision, 2(7):229, Second Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society (VSS), November 2002 (poster)

Web DOI [BibTex]

no image
Combining sensory Information to Improve Visualization

Ernst, M., Banks, M., Wichmann, F., Maloney, L., Bülthoff, H.

In Proceedings of the Conference on Visualization ‘02 (VIS ‘02), pages: 571-574, (Editors: Moorhead, R. , M. Joy), IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA, IEEE Conference on Visualization (VIS '02), October 2002 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Seemingly effortlessly the human brain reconstructs the three-dimensional environment surrounding us from the light pattern striking the eyes. This seems to be true across almost all viewing and lighting conditions. One important factor for this apparent easiness is the redundancy of information provided by the sensory organs. For example, perspective distortions, shading, motion parallax, or the disparity between the two eyes' images are all, at least partly, redundant signals which provide us with information about the three-dimensional layout of the visual scene. Our brain uses all these different sensory signals and combines the available information into a coherent percept. In displays visualizing data, however, the information is often highly reduced and abstracted, which may lead to an altered perception and therefore a misinterpretation of the visualized data. In this panel we will discuss mechanisms involved in the combination of sensory information and their implications for simulations using computer displays, as well as problems resulting from current display technology such as cathode-ray tubes.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Ernst, M., Banks, M., Wichmann, F., Maloney, L., Bülthoff, H. Combining sensory Information to Improve Visualization In Proceedings of the Conference on Visualization ‘02 (VIS ‘02), pages: 571-574, (Editors: Moorhead, R. , M. Joy), IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA, IEEE Conference on Visualization (VIS '02), October 2002 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

no image
Sampling Techniques for Kernel Methods

Achlioptas, D., McSherry, F., Schölkopf, B.

In Advances in neural information processing systems 14 , pages: 335-342, (Editors: TG Dietterich and S Becker and Z Ghahramani), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 15th Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), September 2002 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We propose randomized techniques for speeding up Kernel Principal Component Analysis on three levels: sampling and quantization of the Gram matrix in training, randomized rounding in evaluating the kernel expansions, and random projections in evaluating the kernel itself. In all three cases, we give sharp bounds on the accuracy of the obtained approximations.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Achlioptas, D., McSherry, F., Schölkopf, B. Sampling Techniques for Kernel Methods In Advances in neural information processing systems 14 , pages: 335-342, (Editors: TG Dietterich and S Becker and Z Ghahramani), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 15th Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), September 2002 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

no image
The Infinite Hidden Markov Model

Beal, MJ., Ghahramani, Z., Rasmussen, CE.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 14, pages: 577-584, (Editors: Dietterich, T.G. , S. Becker, Z. Ghahramani), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Fifteenth Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), September 2002 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We show that it is possible to extend hidden Markov models to have a countably infinite number of hidden states. By using the theory of Dirichlet processes we can implicitly integrate out the infinitely many transition parameters, leaving only three hyperparameters which can be learned from data. These three hyperparameters define a hierarchical Dirichlet process capable of capturing a rich set of transition dynamics. The three hyperparameters control the time scale of the dynamics, the sparsity of the underlying state-transition matrix, and the expected number of distinct hidden states in a finite sequence. In this framework it is also natural to allow the alphabet of emitted symbols to be infinite - consider, for example, symbols being possible words appearing in English text.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Beal, MJ., Ghahramani, Z., Rasmussen, CE. The Infinite Hidden Markov Model In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 14, pages: 577-584, (Editors: Dietterich, T.G. , S. Becker, Z. Ghahramani), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Fifteenth Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), September 2002 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

no image
A new discriminative kernel from probabilistic models

Tsuda, K., Kawanabe, M., Rätsch, G., Sonnenburg, S., Müller, K.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 14, pages: 977-984, (Editors: Dietterich, T.G. , S. Becker, Z. Ghahramani), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Fifteenth Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), September 2002 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Recently, Jaakkola and Haussler proposed a method for constructing kernel functions from probabilistic models. Their so called \Fisher kernel" has been combined with discriminative classi ers such as SVM and applied successfully in e.g. DNA and protein analysis. Whereas the Fisher kernel (FK) is calculated from the marginal log-likelihood, we propose the TOP kernel derived from Tangent vectors Of Posterior log-odds. Furthermore, we develop a theoretical framework on feature extractors from probabilistic models and use it for analyzing the TOP kernel. In experiments our new discriminative TOP kernel compares favorably to the Fisher kernel.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Tsuda, K., Kawanabe, M., Rätsch, G., Sonnenburg, S., Müller, K. A new discriminative kernel from probabilistic models In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 14, pages: 977-984, (Editors: Dietterich, T.G. , S. Becker, Z. Ghahramani), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Fifteenth Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), September 2002 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

no image
Incorporating Invariances in Non-Linear Support Vector Machines

Chapelle, O., Schölkopf, B.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 14, pages: 609-616, (Editors: TG Dietterich and S Becker and Z Ghahramani), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 15th Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), September 2002 (inproceedings)

Abstract
The choice of an SVM kernel corresponds to the choice of a representation of the data in a feature space and, to improve performance, it should therefore incorporate prior knowledge such as known transformation invariances. We propose a technique which extends earlier work and aims at incorporating invariances in nonlinear kernels. We show on a digit recognition task that the proposed approach is superior to the Virtual Support Vector method, which previously had been the method of choice.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Chapelle, O., Schölkopf, B. Incorporating Invariances in Non-Linear Support Vector Machines In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 14, pages: 609-616, (Editors: TG Dietterich and S Becker and Z Ghahramani), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 15th Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), September 2002 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

no image
Kernel feature spaces and nonlinear blind source separation

Harmeling, S., Ziehe, A., Kawanabe, M., Müller, K.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 14, pages: 761-768, (Editors: Dietterich, T. G., S. Becker, Z. Ghahramani), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Fifteenth Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), September 2002 (inproceedings)

Abstract
In kernel based learning the data is mapped to a kernel feature space of a dimension that corresponds to the number of training data points. In practice, however, the data forms a smaller submanifold in feature space, a fact that has been used e.g. by reduced set techniques for SVMs. We propose a new mathematical construction that permits to adapt to the intrinsic dimension and to find an orthonormal basis of this submanifold. In doing so, computations get much simpler and more important our theoretical framework allows to derive elegant kernelized blind source separation (BSS) algorithms for arbitrary invertible nonlinear mixings. Experiments demonstrate the good performance and high computational efficiency of our kTDSEP algorithm for the problem of nonlinear BSS.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Harmeling, S., Ziehe, A., Kawanabe, M., Müller, K. Kernel feature spaces and nonlinear blind source separation In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 14, pages: 761-768, (Editors: Dietterich, T. G., S. Becker, Z. Ghahramani), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Fifteenth Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), September 2002 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

no image
Phase information in the recognition of natural images

Braun, D., Wichmann, F., Gegenfurtner, K.

Perception, 31(ECVP Abstract Supplement):133, 25th European Conference on Visual Perception, August 2002 (poster)

Abstract
Fourier phase plays an important role in determining global image structure. For example, when the phase spectrum of an image of a flower is swapped with that of a tank, we usually perceive a tank, even though the amplitude spectrum is still that of the flower. Similarly, when the phase spectrum of an image is randomly swapped across frequencies, that is its Fourier energy is randomly distributed over the image, the resulting image becomes impossible to recognise. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of phase manipulations in a quantitative manner. Subjects viewed two images of natural scenes, one of which contained an animal (the target) embedded in the background. The spectra of the images were manipulated by adding random phase noise at each frequency. The phase noise was the independent variable, uniformly distributed between 0° and ±180°. Subjects were remarkably resistant to phase noise. Even with ±120° noise, subjects were still 75% correct. The proportion of correct answers closely followed the correlation between original and noise-distorted images. Thus it appears as if it was not the global phase information per se that determines our percept of natural images, but rather the effect of phase on local image features.

Web [BibTex]

Braun, D., Wichmann, F., Gegenfurtner, K. Phase information in the recognition of natural images Perception, 31(ECVP Abstract Supplement):133, 25th European Conference on Visual Perception, August 2002 (poster)

Web [BibTex]

no image
Algorithms for Learning Function Distinguishable Regular Languages

Fernau, H., Radl, A.

In Joint IAPR International Workshop on Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition, pages: 64-73, (Editors: Caelli, T. , A. Amin, R. P.W. Duin, M. Kamel, D. de Ridder), Springer, Berlin, Germany, Joint IAPR International Workshop on Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition, August 2002 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Function distinguishable languages were introduced as a new methodology of defining characterizable subclasses of the regular languages which are learnable from text. Here, we give details on the implementation and the analysis of the corresponding learning algorithms. We also discuss problems which might occur in practical applications.

PDF DOI [BibTex]

Fernau, H., Radl, A. Algorithms for Learning Function Distinguishable Regular Languages In Joint IAPR International Workshop on Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition, pages: 64-73, (Editors: Caelli, T. , A. Amin, R. P.W. Duin, M. Kamel, D. de Ridder), Springer, Berlin, Germany, Joint IAPR International Workshop on Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition, August 2002 (inproceedings)

PDF DOI [BibTex]

no image
Decision Boundary Pattern Selection for Support Vector Machines

Shin, H., Cho, S.

In Proc. of the Korean Data Mining Conference, pages: 33-41, Korean Data Mining Conference, May 2002 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

Shin, H., Cho, S. Decision Boundary Pattern Selection for Support Vector Machines In Proc. of the Korean Data Mining Conference, pages: 33-41, Korean Data Mining Conference, May 2002 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

no image
k-NN based Pattern Selection for Support Vector Classifiers

Shin, H., Cho, S.

In Proc. of the Korean Industrial Engineers Conference, pages: 645-651, Korean Industrial Engineers Conference, May 2002 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

Shin, H., Cho, S. k-NN based Pattern Selection for Support Vector Classifiers In Proc. of the Korean Industrial Engineers Conference, pages: 645-651, Korean Industrial Engineers Conference, May 2002 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

no image
Microarrays: How Many Do You Need?

Zien, A., Fluck, J., Zimmer, R., Lengauer, T.

In RECOMB 2002, pages: 321-330, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, Sixth Annual International Conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology, April 2002 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We estimate the number of microarrays that is required in order to gain reliable results from a common type of study: the pairwise comparison of different classes of samples. Current knowlegde seems to suffice for the construction of models that are realistic with respect to searches for individual differentially expressed genes. Such models allow to investigate the dependence of the required number of samples on the relevant parameters: the biological variability of the samples within each class; the fold changes in expression; the detection sensitivity of the microarrays; and the acceptable error rates of the results. We supply experimentalists with general conclusions as well as a freely accessible Java applet at http://cartan.gmd.de/~zien/classsize/ for fine tuning simulations to their particular actualities. Since the situation can be assumed to be very similar for large scale proteomics and metabolomics studies, our methods and results might also apply there.

Web DOI [BibTex]

Zien, A., Fluck, J., Zimmer, R., Lengauer, T. Microarrays: How Many Do You Need? In RECOMB 2002, pages: 321-330, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA, Sixth Annual International Conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology, April 2002 (inproceedings)

Web DOI [BibTex]

no image
Detection and discrimination in pink noise

Wichmann, F., Henning, G.

5, pages: 100, 5. T{\"u}binger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK), February 2002 (poster)

Abstract
Much of our information about early spatial vision comes from detection experiments involving low-contrast stimuli, which are not, perhaps, particularly "natural" stimuli. Contrast discrimination experiments provide one way to explore the visual system's response to stimuli of higher contrast whilst keeping the number of unknown parameters comparatively small. We explored both detection and contrast discrimination performance with sinusoidal and "pulse-train" (or line) gratings. Both types of grating had a fundamental spatial frequency of 2.09-c/deg but the pulse-train, ideally, contains, in addition to its fundamental component, all the harmonics of the fundamental. Although the 2.09-c/deg pulse-train produced on our display was measured using a high-performance digital camera (Photometrics) and shown to contain at least 8 harmonics at equal contrast, it was no more detectable than its most detectable component; no benefit from having additional information at the harmonics was measurable. The addition of broadband 1-D "pink" noise made it about a factor of four more detectable than any of its components. However, in contrast-discrimination experiments, with an in-phase pedestal or masking grating of the same form and phase as the signal and 15% contrast, the noise did not improve the discrimination performance of the pulse train relative to that of its sinusoidal components. We discuss the implications of these observations for models of early vision in particular the implications for possible sources of internal noise.

Web [BibTex]

Wichmann, F., Henning, G. Detection and discrimination in pink noise 5, pages: 100, 5. T{\"u}binger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK), February 2002 (poster)

Web [BibTex]

no image
Pattern Selection for Support Vector Classifiers

Shin, H., Cho, S.

In Ideal 2002, pages: 97-103, (Editors: Yin, H. , N. Allinson, R. Freeman, J. Keane, S. Hubbard), Springer, Berlin, Germany, Third International Conference on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning, January 2002 (inproceedings)

Abstract
SVMs tend to take a very long time to train with a large data set. If "redundant" patterns are identified and deleted in pre-processing, the training time could be reduced significantly. We propose a k-nearest neighbors(k-NN) based pattern selection method. The method tries to select the patterns that are near the decision boundary and that are correctly labeled. The simulations over synthetic data sets showed promising results: (1) By converting a non-separable problem to a separable one, the search for an optimal error tolerance parameter became unnecessary. (2) SVM training time decreased by two orders of magnitude without any loss of accuracy. (3) The redundant SVs were substantially reduced.

PDF Web DOI [BibTex]

Shin, H., Cho, S. Pattern Selection for Support Vector Classifiers In Ideal 2002, pages: 97-103, (Editors: Yin, H. , N. Allinson, R. Freeman, J. Keane, S. Hubbard), Springer, Berlin, Germany, Third International Conference on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning, January 2002 (inproceedings)

PDF Web DOI [BibTex]

no image
The leave-one-out kernel

Tsuda, K., Kawanabe, M.

In Artificial Neural Networks -- ICANN 2002, 2415, pages: 727-732, LNCS, (Editors: Dorronsoro, J. R.), Artificial Neural Networks -- ICANN, 2002 (inproceedings)

PDF [BibTex]

Tsuda, K., Kawanabe, M. The leave-one-out kernel In Artificial Neural Networks -- ICANN 2002, 2415, pages: 727-732, LNCS, (Editors: Dorronsoro, J. R.), Artificial Neural Networks -- ICANN, 2002 (inproceedings)

PDF [BibTex]

no image
Localized Rademacher Complexities

Bartlett, P., Bousquet, O., Mendelson, S.

In Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computational Learning Theory, pages: 44-58, Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computational Learning Theory, 2002 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We investigate the behaviour of global and local Rademacher averages. We present new error bounds which are based on the local averages and indicate how data-dependent local averages can be estimated without {it a priori} knowledge of the class at hand.

PDF PostScript [BibTex]

Bartlett, P., Bousquet, O., Mendelson, S. Localized Rademacher Complexities In Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computational Learning Theory, pages: 44-58, Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computational Learning Theory, 2002 (inproceedings)

PDF PostScript [BibTex]

no image
Film Cooling: A Comparative Study of Different Heaterfoil Configurations for Liquid Crystals Experiments

Vogel, G., Graf, ABA., Weigand, B.

In ASME TURBO EXPO 2002, Amsterdam, GT-2002-30552, ASME TURBO EXPO, Amsterdam, 2002 (inproceedings)

PDF [BibTex]

Vogel, G., Graf, ABA., Weigand, B. Film Cooling: A Comparative Study of Different Heaterfoil Configurations for Liquid Crystals Experiments In ASME TURBO EXPO 2002, Amsterdam, GT-2002-30552, ASME TURBO EXPO, Amsterdam, 2002 (inproceedings)

PDF [BibTex]

no image
Application of Monte Carlo Methods to Psychometric Function Fitting

Wichmann, F.

Proceedings of the 33rd European Conference on Mathematical Psychology, pages: 44, 2002 (poster)

Abstract
The psychometric function relates an observer's performance to an independent variable, usually some physical quantity of a stimulus in a psychophysical task. Here I describe methods to (1) fitting psychometric functions, (2) assessing goodness-of-fit, and (3) providing confidence intervals for the function's parameters and other estimates derived from them. First I describe a constrained maximum-likelihood method for parameter estimation. Using Monte-Carlo simulations I demonstrate that it is important to have a fitting method that takes stimulus-independent errors (or "lapses") into account. Second, a number of goodness-of-fit tests are introduced. Because psychophysical data sets are usually rather small I advocate the use of Monte Carlo resampling techniques that do not rely on asymptotic theory for goodness-of-fit assessment. Third, a parametric bootstrap is employed to estimate the variability of fitted parameters and derived quantities such as thresholds and slopes. I describe how the bootstrap bridging assumption, on which the validity of the procedure depends, can be tested without incurring too high a cost in computation time. Finally I describe how the methods can be extended to test hypotheses concerning the form and shape of several psychometric functions. Software describing the methods is available (http://www.bootstrap-software.com/psignifit/), as well as articles describing the methods in detail (Wichmann&Hill, Perception&Psychophysics, 2001a,b).

[BibTex]

Wichmann, F. Application of Monte Carlo Methods to Psychometric Function Fitting Proceedings of the 33rd European Conference on Mathematical Psychology, pages: 44, 2002 (poster)

[BibTex]

no image
Some Local Measures of Complexity of Convex Hulls and Generalization Bounds

Bousquet, O., Koltchinskii, V., Panchenko, D.

In Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computational Learning Theory, Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computational Learning Theory, 2002 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We investigate measures of complexity of function classes based on continuity moduli of Gaussian and Rademacher processes. For Gaussian processes, we obtain bounds on the continuity modulus on the convex hull of a function class in terms of the same quantity for the class itself. We also obtain new bounds on generalization error in terms of localized Rademacher complexities. This allows us to prove new results about generalization performance for convex hulls in terms of characteristics of the base class. As a byproduct, we obtain a simple proof of some of the known bounds on the entropy of convex hulls.

PDF PostScript [BibTex]

Bousquet, O., Koltchinskii, V., Panchenko, D. Some Local Measures of Complexity of Convex Hulls and Generalization Bounds In Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computational Learning Theory, Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computational Learning Theory, 2002 (inproceedings)

PDF PostScript [BibTex]

no image
A kernel approach for learning from almost orthogonal patterns

Schölkopf, B., Weston, J., Eskin, E., Leslie, C., Noble, W.

In Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2430/2431, pages: 511-528, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, (Editors: T Elomaa and H Mannila and H Toivonen), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 13th European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML) and 6th European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (PKDD'2002), 2002 (inproceedings)

PostScript DOI [BibTex]

Schölkopf, B., Weston, J., Eskin, E., Leslie, C., Noble, W. A kernel approach for learning from almost orthogonal patterns In Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2430/2431, pages: 511-528, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, (Editors: T Elomaa and H Mannila and H Toivonen), Springer, Berlin, Germany, 13th European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML) and 6th European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (PKDD'2002), 2002 (inproceedings)

PostScript DOI [BibTex]

no image
Optimal linear estimation of self-motion - a real-world test of a model of fly tangential neurons

Franz, MO.

SAB 02 Workshop, Robotics as theoretical biology, 7th meeting of the International Society for Simulation of Adaptive Behaviour (SAB), (Editors: Prescott, T.; Webb, B.), 2002 (poster)

Abstract
The tangential neurons in the fly brain are sensitive to the typical optic flow patterns generated during self-motion (see example in Fig.1). We examine whether a simplified linear model of these neurons can be used to estimate self-motion from the optic flow. We present a theory for the construction of an optimal linear estimator incorporating prior knowledge both about the distance distribution of the environment, and about the noise and self-motion statistics of the sensor. The optimal estimator is tested on a gantry carrying an omnidirectional vision sensor that can be moved along three translational and one rotational degree of freedom. The experiments indicate that the proposed approach yields accurate results for rotation estimates, independently of the current translation and scene layout. Translation estimates, however, turned out to be sensitive to simultaneous rotation and to the particular distance distribution of the scene. The gantry experiments confirm that the receptive field organization of the tangential neurons allows them, as an ensemble, to extract self-motion from the optic flow.

PDF [BibTex]

Franz, MO. Optimal linear estimation of self-motion - a real-world test of a model of fly tangential neurons SAB 02 Workshop, Robotics as theoretical biology, 7th meeting of the International Society for Simulation of Adaptive Behaviour (SAB), (Editors: Prescott, T.; Webb, B.), 2002 (poster)

PDF [BibTex]

no image
Infinite Mixtures of Gaussian Process Experts

Rasmussen, CE., Ghahramani, Z.

In (Editors: Dietterich, Thomas G.; Becker, Suzanna; Ghahramani, Zoubin), 2002 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We present an extension to the Mixture of Experts (ME) model, where the individual experts are Gaussian Process (GP) regression models. Using a input-dependent adaptation of the Dirichlet Process, we implement a gating network for an infinite number of Experts. Inference in this model may be done efficiently using a Markov Chain relying on Gibbs sampling. The model allows the effective covariance function to vary with the inputs, and may handle large datasets -- thus potentially overcoming two of the biggest hurdles with GP models. Simulations show the viability of this approach.

PDF PostScript [BibTex]

Rasmussen, CE., Ghahramani, Z. Infinite Mixtures of Gaussian Process Experts In (Editors: Dietterich, Thomas G.; Becker, Suzanna; Ghahramani, Zoubin), 2002 (inproceedings)

PDF PostScript [BibTex]

no image
Marginalized kernels for RNA sequence data analysis

Kin, T., Tsuda, K., Asai, K.

In Genome Informatics 2002, pages: 112-122, (Editors: Lathtop, R. H.; Nakai, K.; Miyano, S.; Takagi, T.; Kanehisa, M.), Genome Informatics, 2002, (Best Paper Award) (inproceedings)

Web [BibTex]

Kin, T., Tsuda, K., Asai, K. Marginalized kernels for RNA sequence data analysis In Genome Informatics 2002, pages: 112-122, (Editors: Lathtop, R. H.; Nakai, K.; Miyano, S.; Takagi, T.; Kanehisa, M.), Genome Informatics, 2002, (Best Paper Award) (inproceedings)

Web [BibTex]

no image
Luminance Artifacts on CRT Displays

Wichmann, F.

In IEEE Visualization, pages: 571-574, (Editors: Moorhead, R.; Gross, M.; Joy, K. I.), IEEE Visualization, 2002 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Most visualization panels today are still built around cathode-ray tubes (CRTs), certainly on personal desktops at work and at home. Whilst capable of producing pleasing images for common applications ranging from email writing to TV and DVD presentation, it is as well to note that there are a number of nonlinear transformations between input (voltage) and output (luminance) which distort the digital and/or analogue images send to a CRT. Some of them are input-independent and hence easy to fix, e.g. gamma correction, but others, such as pixel interactions, depend on the content of the input stimulus and are thus harder to compensate for. CRT-induced image distortions cause problems not only in basic vision research but also for applications where image fidelity is critical, most notably in medicine (digitization of X-ray images for diagnostic purposes) and in forms of online commerce, such as the online sale of images, where the image must be reproduced on some output device which will not have the same transfer function as the customer's CRT. I will present measurements from a number of CRTs and illustrate how some of their shortcomings may be problematic for the aforementioned applications.

[BibTex]

Wichmann, F. Luminance Artifacts on CRT Displays In IEEE Visualization, pages: 571-574, (Editors: Moorhead, R.; Gross, M.; Joy, K. I.), IEEE Visualization, 2002 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

2001

no image
Pattern Selection Using the Bias and Variance of Ensemble

Shin, H., Cho, S.

In Proc. of the Korean Data Mining Conference, pages: 56-67, Korean Data Mining Conference, December 2001 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

2001

Shin, H., Cho, S. Pattern Selection Using the Bias and Variance of Ensemble In Proc. of the Korean Data Mining Conference, pages: 56-67, Korean Data Mining Conference, December 2001 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

no image
Separation of post-nonlinear mixtures using ACE and temporal decorrelation

Ziehe, A., Kawanabe, M., Harmeling, S., Müller, K.

In ICA 2001, pages: 433-438, (Editors: Lee, T.-W. , T.P. Jung, S. Makeig, T. J. Sejnowski), Third International Workshop on Independent Component Analysis and Blind Signal Separation, December 2001 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We propose an efficient method based on the concept of maximal correlation that reduces the post-nonlinear blind source separation problem (PNL BSS) to a linear BSS problem. For this we apply the Alternating Conditional Expectation (ACE) algorithm – a powerful technique from nonparametric statistics – to approximately invert the (post-)nonlinear functions. Interestingly, in the framework of the ACE method convergence can be proven and in the PNL BSS scenario the optimal transformation found by ACE will coincide with the desired inverse functions. After the nonlinearities have been removed by ACE, temporal decorrelation (TD) allows us to recover the source signals. An excellent performance underlines the validity of our approach and demonstrates the ACE-TD method on realistic examples.

PDF [BibTex]

Ziehe, A., Kawanabe, M., Harmeling, S., Müller, K. Separation of post-nonlinear mixtures using ACE and temporal decorrelation In ICA 2001, pages: 433-438, (Editors: Lee, T.-W. , T.P. Jung, S. Makeig, T. J. Sejnowski), Third International Workshop on Independent Component Analysis and Blind Signal Separation, December 2001 (inproceedings)

PDF [BibTex]

no image
Perception of Planar Shapes in Depth

Wichmann, F., Willems, B., Rosas, P., Wagemans, J.

Journal of Vision, 1(3):176, First Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society (VSS), December 2001 (poster)

Abstract
We investigated the influence of the perceived 3D-orientation of planar elliptical shapes on the perception of the shapes themselves. Ellipses were projected onto the surface of a sphere and subjects were asked to indicate if the projected shapes looked as if they were a circle on the surface of the sphere. The image of the sphere was obtained from a real, (near) perfect sphere using a highly accurate digital camera (real sphere diameter 40 cm; camera-to-sphere distance 320 cm; for details see Willems et al., Perception 29, S96, 2000; Photometrics SenSys 400 digital camera with Rodenstock lens, 12-bit linear luminance resolution). Stimuli were presented monocularly on a carefully linearized Sony GDM-F500 monitor keeping the scene geometry as in the real case (sphere diameter on screen 8.2 cm; viewing distance 66 cm). Experiments were run in a darkened room using a viewing tube to minimize, as far as possible, extraneous monocular cues to depth. Three different methods were used to obtain subjects' estimates of 3D-shape: the method of adjustment, temporal 2-alternative forced choice (2AFC) and yes/no. Several results are noteworthy. First, mismatch between perceived and objective slant tended to decrease with increasing objective slant. Second, the variability of the settings, too, decreased with increasing objective slant. Finally, we comment on the results obtained using different psychophysical methods and compare our results to those obtained using a real sphere and binocular vision (Willems et al.).

Web DOI [BibTex]

Wichmann, F., Willems, B., Rosas, P., Wagemans, J. Perception of Planar Shapes in Depth Journal of Vision, 1(3):176, First Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society (VSS), December 2001 (poster)

Web DOI [BibTex]

no image
Nonlinear blind source separation using kernel feature spaces

Harmeling, S., Ziehe, A., Kawanabe, M., Blankertz, B., Müller, K.

In ICA 2001, pages: 102-107, (Editors: Lee, T.-W. , T.P. Jung, S. Makeig, T. J. Sejnowski), Third International Workshop on Independent Component Analysis and Blind Signal Separation, December 2001 (inproceedings)

Abstract
In this work we propose a kernel-based blind source separation (BSS) algorithm that can perform nonlinear BSS for general invertible nonlinearities. For our kTDSEP algorithm we have to go through four steps: (i) adapting to the intrinsic dimension of the data mapped to feature space F, (ii) finding an orthonormal basis of this submanifold, (iii) mapping the data into the subspace of F spanned by this orthonormal basis, and (iv) applying temporal decorrelation BSS (TDSEP) to the mapped data. After demixing we get a number of irrelevant components and the original sources. To find out which ones are the components of interest, we propose a criterion that allows to identify the original sources. The excellent performance of kTDSEP is demonstrated in experiments on nonlinearly mixed speech data.

PDF [BibTex]

Harmeling, S., Ziehe, A., Kawanabe, M., Blankertz, B., Müller, K. Nonlinear blind source separation using kernel feature spaces In ICA 2001, pages: 102-107, (Editors: Lee, T.-W. , T.P. Jung, S. Makeig, T. J. Sejnowski), Third International Workshop on Independent Component Analysis and Blind Signal Separation, December 2001 (inproceedings)

PDF [BibTex]

no image
Pattern Selection for ‘Regression’ using the Bias and Variance of Ensemble Network

Shin, H., Cho, S.

In Proc. of the Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers Conference, pages: 10-19, Korean Industrial Engineers Conference, November 2001 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

Shin, H., Cho, S. Pattern Selection for ‘Regression’ using the Bias and Variance of Ensemble Network In Proc. of the Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers Conference, pages: 10-19, Korean Industrial Engineers Conference, November 2001 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

no image
Pattern Selection for ‘Classification’ using the Bias and Variance of Ensemble Neural Network

Shin, H., Cho, S.

In Proc. of the Korea Information Science Conference, pages: 307-309, Korea Information Science Conference, October 2001, Best Paper Award (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

Shin, H., Cho, S. Pattern Selection for ‘Classification’ using the Bias and Variance of Ensemble Neural Network In Proc. of the Korea Information Science Conference, pages: 307-309, Korea Information Science Conference, October 2001, Best Paper Award (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

no image
Hybrid IDM/Impedance learning in human movements

Burdet, E., Teng, K., Chew, C., Peters, J., , B.

In ISHF 2001, 1, pages: 1-9, 1st International Symposium on Measurement, Analysis and Modeling of Human Functions (ISHF2001), September 2001 (inproceedings)

Abstract
In spite of motor output variability and the delay in the sensori-motor, humans routinely perform intrinsically un- stable tasks. The hybrid IDM/impedance learning con- troller presented in this paper enables skilful performance in strong stable and unstable environments. It consid- ers motor output variability identified from experimen- tal data, and contains two modules concurrently learning the endpoint force and impedance adapted to the envi- ronment. The simulations suggest how humans learn to skillfully perform intrinsically unstable tasks. Testable predictions are proposed.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Burdet, E., Teng, K., Chew, C., Peters, J., , B. Hybrid IDM/Impedance learning in human movements In ISHF 2001, 1, pages: 1-9, 1st International Symposium on Measurement, Analysis and Modeling of Human Functions (ISHF2001), September 2001 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

no image
Combining Off- and On-line Calibration of a Digital Camera

Urbanek, M., Horaud, R., Sturm, P.

In In Proceedings of Third International Conference on 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, pages: 99-106, In Proceedings of Third International Conference on 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, June 2001 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We introduce a novel outlook on the self­calibration task, by considering images taken by a camera in motion, allowing for zooming and focusing. Apart from the complex relationship between the lens control settings and the intrinsic camera parameters, a prior off­line calibration allows to neglect the setting of focus, and to fix the principal point and aspect ratio throughout distinct views. Thus, the calibration matrix is dependent only on the zoom position. Given a fully calibrated reference view, one has only one parameter to estimate for any other view of the same scene, in order to calibrate it and to be able to perform metric reconstructions. We provide a close­form solution, and validate the reliability of the algorithm with experiments on real images. An important advantage of our method is a reduced ­ to one ­ number of critical camera configurations, associated with it. Moreover, we propose a method for computing the epipolar geometry of two views, taken from different positions and with different (spatial) resolutions; the idea is to take an appropriate third view, that is "easy" to match with the other two.

ZIP [BibTex]

Urbanek, M., Horaud, R., Sturm, P. Combining Off- and On-line Calibration of a Digital Camera In In Proceedings of Third International Conference on 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, pages: 99-106, In Proceedings of Third International Conference on 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, June 2001 (inproceedings)

ZIP [BibTex]

no image
Support vector novelty detection applied to jet engine vibration spectra

Hayton, P., Schölkopf, B., Tarassenko, L., Anuzis, P.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13, pages: 946-952, (Editors: TK Leen and TG Dietterich and V Tresp), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 14th Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), April 2001 (inproceedings)

Abstract
A system has been developed to extract diagnostic information from jet engine carcass vibration data. Support Vector Machines applied to novelty detection provide a measure of how unusual the shape of a vibration signature is, by learning a representation of normality. We describe a novel method for Support Vector Machines of including information from a second class for novelty detection and give results from the application to Jet Engine vibration analysis.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Hayton, P., Schölkopf, B., Tarassenko, L., Anuzis, P. Support vector novelty detection applied to jet engine vibration spectra In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13, pages: 946-952, (Editors: TK Leen and TG Dietterich and V Tresp), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 14th Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), April 2001 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

no image
Four-legged Walking Gait Control Using a Neuromorphic Chip Interfaced to a Support Vector Learning Algorithm

Still, S., Schölkopf, B., Hepp, K., Douglas, R.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13, pages: 741-747, (Editors: TK Leen and TG Dietterich and V Tresp), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 14th Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), April 2001 (inproceedings)

Abstract
To control the walking gaits of a four-legged robot we present a novel neuromorphic VLSI chip that coordinates the relative phasing of the robot's legs similar to how spinal Central Pattern Generators are believed to control vertebrate locomotion [3]. The chip controls the leg movements by driving motors with time varying voltages which are the outputs of a small network of coupled oscillators. The characteristics of the chip's output voltages depend on a set of input parameters. The relationship between input parameters and output voltages can be computed analytically for an idealized system. In practice, however, this ideal relationship is only approximately true due to transistor mismatch and offsets.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Still, S., Schölkopf, B., Hepp, K., Douglas, R. Four-legged Walking Gait Control Using a Neuromorphic Chip Interfaced to a Support Vector Learning Algorithm In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13, pages: 741-747, (Editors: TK Leen and TG Dietterich and V Tresp), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 14th Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), April 2001 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

no image
Algorithmic Stability and Generalization Performance

Bousquet, O., Elisseeff, A.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13, pages: 196-202, (Editors: Leen, T.K. , T.G. Dietterich, V. Tresp), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Fourteenth Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), April 2001 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We present a novel way of obtaining PAC-style bounds on the generalization error of learning algorithms, explicitly using their stability properties. A {\em stable} learner being one for which the learned solution does not change much for small changes in the training set. The bounds we obtain do not depend on any measure of the complexity of the hypothesis space (e.g. VC dimension) but rather depend on how the learning algorithm searches this space, and can thus be applied even when the VC dimension in infinite. We demonstrate that regularization networks possess the required stability property and apply our method to obtain new bounds on their generalization performance.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Bousquet, O., Elisseeff, A. Algorithmic Stability and Generalization Performance In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13, pages: 196-202, (Editors: Leen, T.K. , T.G. Dietterich, V. Tresp), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Fourteenth Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), April 2001 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

no image
The Kernel Trick for Distances

Schölkopf, B.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13, pages: 301-307, (Editors: TK Leen and TG Dietterich and V Tresp), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 14th Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), April 2001 (inproceedings)

Abstract
A method is described which, like the kernel trick in support vector machines (SVMs), lets us generalize distance-based algorithms to operate in feature spaces, usually nonlinearly related to the input space. This is done by identifying a class of kernels which can be represented as norm-based distances in Hilbert spaces. It turns out that the common kernel algorithms, such as SVMs and kernel PCA, are actually really distance based algorithms and can be run with that class of kernels, too. As well as providing a useful new insight into how these algorithms work, the present work can form the basis for conceiving new algorithms.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Schölkopf, B. The Kernel Trick for Distances In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13, pages: 301-307, (Editors: TK Leen and TG Dietterich and V Tresp), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 14th Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), April 2001 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

no image
Vicinal Risk Minimization

Chapelle, O., Weston, J., Bottou, L., Vapnik, V.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13, pages: 416-422, (Editors: Leen, T.K. , T.G. Dietterich, V. Tresp), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Fourteenth Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS) , April 2001 (inproceedings)

Abstract
The Vicinal Risk Minimization principle establishes a bridge between generative models and methods derived from the Structural Risk Minimization Principle such as Support Vector Machines or Statistical Regularization. We explain how VRM provides a framework which integrates a number of existing algorithms, such as Parzen windows, Support Vector Machines, Ridge Regression, Constrained Logistic Classifiers and Tangent-Prop. We then show how the approach implies new algorithms for solving problems usually associated with generative models. New algorithms are described for dealing with pattern recognition problems with very different pattern distributions and dealing with unlabeled data. Preliminary empirical results are presented.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Chapelle, O., Weston, J., Bottou, L., Vapnik, V. Vicinal Risk Minimization In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13, pages: 416-422, (Editors: Leen, T.K. , T.G. Dietterich, V. Tresp), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Fourteenth Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS) , April 2001 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

no image
Feature Selection for SVMs

Weston, J., Mukherjee, S., Chapelle, O., Pontil, M., Poggio, T., Vapnik, V.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13, pages: 668-674, (Editors: Leen, T.K. , T.G. Dietterich, V. Tresp), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Fourteenth Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), April 2001 (inproceedings)

Abstract
We introduce a method of feature selection for Support Vector Machines. The method is based upon finding those features which minimize bounds on the leave-one-out error. This search can be efficiently performed via gradient descent. The resulting algorithms are shown to be superior to some standard feature selection algorithms on both toy data and real-life problems of face recognition, pedestrian detection and analyzing DNA microarray data.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Weston, J., Mukherjee, S., Chapelle, O., Pontil, M., Poggio, T., Vapnik, V. Feature Selection for SVMs In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13, pages: 668-674, (Editors: Leen, T.K. , T.G. Dietterich, V. Tresp), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Fourteenth Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), April 2001 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

no image
Occam’s Razor

Rasmussen, CE., Ghahramani, Z.

In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13, pages: 294-300, (Editors: Leen, T.K. , T.G. Dietterich, V. Tresp), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Fourteenth Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), April 2001 (inproceedings)

Abstract
The Bayesian paradigm apparently only sometimes gives rise to Occam's Razor; at other times very large models perform well. We give simple examples of both kinds of behaviour. The two views are reconciled when measuring complexity of functions, rather than of the machinery used to implement them. We analyze the complexity of functions for some linear in the parameter models that are equivalent to Gaussian Processes, and always find Occam's Razor at work.

PDF Web [BibTex]

Rasmussen, CE., Ghahramani, Z. Occam’s Razor In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13, pages: 294-300, (Editors: Leen, T.K. , T.G. Dietterich, V. Tresp), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Fourteenth Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (NIPS), April 2001 (inproceedings)

PDF Web [BibTex]

no image
Plaid maskers revisited: asymmetric plaids

Wichmann, F.

pages: 57, 4. T{\"u}binger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK), March 2001 (poster)

Abstract
A large number of psychophysical and physiological experiments suggest that luminance patterns are independently analysed in channels responding to different bands of spatial frequency. There are, however, interactions among stimuli falling well outside the usual estimates of channels' bandwidths. Derrington & Henning (1989) first reported that, in 2-AFC sinusoidal-grating detection, plaid maskers, whose components are oriented symmetrically about the signal orientation, cause a substantially larger threshold elevation than would be predicted from their sinusoidal constituents alone. Wichmann & Tollin (1997a,b) and Wichmann & Henning (1998) confirmed and extended the original findings, measuring masking as a function of presentation time and plaid mask contrast. Here I investigate masking using plaid patterns whose components are asymmetrically positioned about the signal orientation. Standard temporal 2-AFC pattern discrimination experiments were conducted using plaid patterns and oblique sinusoidal gratings as maskers, and horizontally orientated sinusoidal gratings as signals. Signal and maskers were always interleaved on the display (refresh rate 152 Hz). As in the case of the symmetrical plaid maskers, substantial masking was observed for many of the asymmetrical plaids. Masking is neither a straightforward function of the plaid's constituent sinusoidal components nor of the periodicity of the luminance beats between components. These results cause problems for the notion that, even for simple stimuli, detection and discrimination are based on the outputs of channels tuned to limited ranges of spatial frequency and orientation, even if a limited set of nonlinear interactions between these channels is allowed.

Web [BibTex]

Wichmann, F. Plaid maskers revisited: asymmetric plaids pages: 57, 4. T{\"u}binger Wahrnehmungskonferenz (TWK), March 2001 (poster)

Web [BibTex]

no image
An Improved Training Algorithm for Kernel Fisher Discriminants

Mika, S., Schölkopf, B., Smola, A.

In Proceedings AISTATS, pages: 98-104, (Editors: T Jaakkola and T Richardson), Morgan Kaufman, San Francisco, CA, Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), January 2001 (inproceedings)

Web [BibTex]

Mika, S., Schölkopf, B., Smola, A. An Improved Training Algorithm for Kernel Fisher Discriminants In Proceedings AISTATS, pages: 98-104, (Editors: T Jaakkola and T Richardson), Morgan Kaufman, San Francisco, CA, Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), January 2001 (inproceedings)

Web [BibTex]

no image
Nonstationary Signal Classification using Support Vector Machines

Gretton, A., Davy, M., Doucet, A., Rayner, P.

In 11th IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing, pages: 305-305, 11th IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing, 2001 (inproceedings)

Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the use of support vector (SV) techniques for the binary classification of nonstationary sinusoidal signals with quadratic phase. We briefly describe the theory underpinning SV classification, and introduce the Cohen's group time-frequency representation, which is used to process the non-stationary signals so as to define the classifier input space. We show that the SV classifier outperforms alternative classification methods on this processed data.

PostScript [BibTex]

Gretton, A., Davy, M., Doucet, A., Rayner, P. Nonstationary Signal Classification using Support Vector Machines In 11th IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing, pages: 305-305, 11th IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing, 2001 (inproceedings)

PostScript [BibTex]

no image
Enhanced User Authentication through Typing Biometrics with Artificial Neural Networks and K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm

Wong, FWMH., Supian, ASM., Ismail, AF., Lai, WK., Ong, CS.

In 2001 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

Wong, FWMH., Supian, ASM., Ismail, AF., Lai, WK., Ong, CS. Enhanced User Authentication through Typing Biometrics with Artificial Neural Networks and K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm In 2001 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

no image
Predicting the Nonlinear Dynamics of Biological Neurons using Support Vector Machines with Different Kernels

Frontzek, T., Lal, TN., Eckmiller, R.

In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN'2001) Washington DC, 2, pages: 1492-1497, Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN'2001) Washington DC, 2001 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Based on biological data we examine the ability of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) with gaussian, polynomial and tanh-kernels to learn and predict the nonlinear dynamics of single biological neurons. We show that SVMs for regression learn the dynamics of the pyloric dilator neuron of the australian crayfish, and we determine the optimal SVM parameters with regard to the test error. Compared to conventional RBF networks and MLPs, SVMs with gaussian kernels learned faster and performed a better iterated one-step-ahead prediction with regard to training and test error. From a biological point of view SVMs are especially better in predicting the most important part of the dynamics, where the membranpotential is driven by superimposed synaptic inputs to the threshold for the oscillatory peak.

PDF [BibTex]

Frontzek, T., Lal, TN., Eckmiller, R. Predicting the Nonlinear Dynamics of Biological Neurons using Support Vector Machines with Different Kernels In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN'2001) Washington DC, 2, pages: 1492-1497, Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN'2001) Washington DC, 2001 (inproceedings)

PDF [BibTex]

no image
Computationally Efficient Face Detection

Romdhani, S., Torr, P., Schölkopf, B., Blake, A.

In Computer Vision, ICCV 2001, vol. 2, (73):695-700, IEEE, 8th International Conference on Computer Vision, 2001 (inproceedings)

DOI [BibTex]

Romdhani, S., Torr, P., Schölkopf, B., Blake, A. Computationally Efficient Face Detection In Computer Vision, ICCV 2001, vol. 2, (73):695-700, IEEE, 8th International Conference on Computer Vision, 2001 (inproceedings)

DOI [BibTex]